2. To what extent, and in what ways, has the rise of populism in recent years, been a reaction to neo-liberalism or neo-liberalization? Has populism of the sort that swept Europe and America in the past years, identified or targeted the true (objective) causes of crisis, precariousness and insecurity that populism is meant to be an answer to? Is such populism exclusively a right-wing phenomenon, and/or would a left-wing version necessarily be better able to effect structural change away from neo-liberalism?

To what extent, and in what ways, has the rise of populism in recent years, been a reaction to neo-liberalism or neo-liberalization?  Has populism of the sort that swept Europe and America in the past years, identified or targeted the true (objective) causes of crisis, precariousness and insecurity that populism is meant to be an answer to?  Is such populism exclusively a right-wing phenomenon, and/or would a left-wing version necessarily be better able to effect structural change away from neo-liberalism?