Research and include real-life examples on how can you tell whether your collection is being targeted for disinformation or deception?

Denial and deception are attempts by those you are collecting intelligence against to either prevent collection or to provide
signals that are are misleading and deceptive.

This topic is worthy of a full course, but we must introduce this topic here in Intelligence collection.
Read Deception.pdf for this discussion forum.

The question for this week is two-fold for collectors:

1) How can you tell whether your collection is being targeted for disinformation or deception? Research and include
real-life examples

2) What measures as a collector can you take to reduce the effects of that disinformation/deception?