Explain how horizontal gene transfer can add to antibiotic resistance.

“Discussion 1
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This discussion is based on the unit presentations and  textbook reads from Microbiology OpenStax. Before contributing to the discussion, review the required  presentations and reading  material. 
10.4 Structure and function of cellular Genomes
Chapter 11 (Links to an external site.)
After completing your required reading, please answer 2 prompts below to discuss:
Identify the steps in DNA replication including locations in prokaryotic and eukaryotic    cells and important enzymes. (USLO 5.1)
Define the steps of gene expression.  Be sure to specifically speak to the following: (USLO 5.2)
Transcription
Translation
Define the following terms.  Are all mutations harmful? (USLO5.3)
mutation
frameshift
silent
missense
nonsense
Discuss vertical versus horizontal gene transmission.  (USLO 5.4)
Compare the following terms and discuss  (USLO 5.5)
Conjugation
Transformation
Transduction
Transposons 
Explain how horizontal gene transfer can add to antibiotic resistance.  (USLO 5.6)
Always refer back to the course syllabus, discussion forum grading rubric, before posting to the discussion.  Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the assigned readings and lecture material, as well as any other relevant research you find appropriate.
Post your response to the questions above, making sure to include any necessary citations to appropriate readings.  Make sure to provide some examples from the text and lecture material (located in the Unit folders), as well as from your own experiences.
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