compose an essay that argues whether or not Niankhkhumnand Khnumhotep should be viewed as a same-sex couple, taking into consideration Egyptian cultural and social views on gender and sexuality.

ESSAY Classics/History 230L: Ancient Egypt

The Old Kingdom tomb of two men named Niankhkhumn and Khnumhotep at Saqqara has been cited as the earliestdocumented evidence for a same-sex couple, despite the fact that our understanding of societys acknowledgementand identification, much less the acceptance of, homosexuality is extremely limited. (And despite the fact that theirtomb is also the resting place of both of their wives and their children and grandchildren are mentioned in the tombtoo!)

Construct an essay on this topic by responding to Chapter 15 (p. 205-217) in our textbook: Wilkinsons TheEgyptian World plus the following 4 articles (PDFs can be found in the Essay menu on Blackboard) on the tomb and what we know of homosexuality in ancient Egypt, compose an essay that argues whether or not Niankhkhumnand Khnumhotep should be viewed as a same-sex couple, taking into consideration Egyptian cultural and social views on gender and sexuality.

T.G. Wilfong, Chapter 15: Gender and Sexuality, p. 205-217 in T. Wilkinson (ed.), The Egyptian World. New York, NY: Routledge Press (2007).
L. Evans and A. Woods, Further Evidence that Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep were Twins. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 102 (2016) pp. 55-72.
R.B. Parkinson, Homosexual Desire and Middle Kingdom Literature. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology81 (1995) pp. 57-76.
G. Reeder, Same-Sex Desire, Conjugal Constructs, and the Tomb of Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep. World Archaeology 32.2 (2000) pp. 193-208.
V. Vasiljevic, Embracing His Double: Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep. Studien zur Altagyptische Kulture 37 (2008) pp. 363-372.

Note: There is no correct answer to this question. The world of Egyptological experts is divided on the subject,with some agreeing the two men were same-sex life partners and others disagreeing. The purpose of this essay isfor you to present a well-laid out argument for your case using evidence and facts, not to get the right answer.See Grading Rubric below. Here is a more full discussion of required elements:Format requirements:

Type the essay, save it as a *.doc, *.docx, *.txt, or *.rft in any word processing app or online writing tool.DO NOT use other formats (such as PDF). Google how to save as if you are using something other than MS Word such as Open Office or Google Docs and dont know how to do this. Upload the document in the Essay assignment on Blackboard and SUBMIT the assignment by the duedate.

Type (1) your name, (2) the course number and title Classics/History 230L: Ancient Egypt and (3) thesemester/year at the top of the document.
Double space your document.
Indent the beginning of each new paragraph; do not use extra spaces between paragraphs. Margins and page numbers do not matter. Please do not use a cover page.
Essay must be 750-1250 words (The number of pages will vary based on font size, margins, etc. but isapproximately 3-5 standard pages. Every word processing app has a word count tool, so use that insteadof relying on numbers of pages.) Using quotations is certainly fine, but these dont really count towardsthis word limit. Your Bibliography/Works Cited list do not count towards your 750+ words either.

This should be 750+ of YOUR own words. So, keep that in mind.Bibliography and citation requirements:

List your 5 sources at the end of your essay. Remember, your bibliography is already set for you: it is thetextbook chapter and 4 articles listed above. It is understood that every essay submitted for thisassignment will use all 5 of sources listed above and only those sources. There are no specific formatting requirements. Copying the information listed above is fine.
Your essay should show good familiarity with all 5 of the assigned sources, especially the direct evidence provided about the tomb and tomb owners found in the 3 primary articles by Reeder, Vasiljevik and Evans&Woods. But you also need to demonstrate an understanding of Egyptian viewpoints on gender and sexuality as discussed in Wilfongs chapter of our textbook and in Parkinsons article.
Your essay must present arguments based on extensive use of facts and evidence discussed in the textbook chapter and scholarly articles listed above. Do NOT use any sources other than these references. No Wikipedia, no Google searches, no History- Channel-type documentaries, especially those found on YouTube which often no I am NOT kidding -involve theories about aliens!
Your essay must include in-text citations throughout where needed, giving credit to specific areas in thearticles in your bibliography that provide you with ideas, theories, interpretations and facts.
Citations should be presented in-text and not as numbered footnotes at the bottom of the page ornumbered endnotes at the end of the essay. When, you have written something that requires a citation,simply place the name of the author, year of publication, and the appropriate page numbers inparentheseswithin the body of your essay.

USE THE ACTUAL PAGE NUMBERS OF THE CHAPTER OR ARTICLES (YOU CAN SEE THEM WRITTEN AT THE TOP OF THE PAGES) AND NOT JUST THE NUMBER OF PAGES IN THE PDF!!!!!

Citation Examples:

1. According to Jones (1998), “students often had difficulty using citations, especially when it was theirfirst time” (p. 199).
2. Jones (1998) found “students often had difficulty using citations” (p. 199); what implications does thishave for teachers?If you do not include the authors name in the text of the sentence, place the author’s last name, the year ofpublication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation.
3. She stated, “Students often had difficulty using citations” (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offeranexplanation as to why.See this website for advice and guidance on WHEN and WHY you should include a citation:https://library.purdueglobal.edu/writingcenter/basiccitationguidelines