sustainability in the ophthalmic sector

Methodology :

Chapter 3: Methodology……………………………………………………………

primary, qual research semi structures interview, semi transcription of the interview

This research project is a primary qualitative research.

Why have I chosen qualitative: for the chosen subject and better dissection of the topic this method was ideal. It allows the ability for the interviewee to elaborate and expand on their thoughts. Plus when needed I as the researcher could ask more questions if necessary to draw out more from a certain point or an area I felt as if I needed more information.

Primary is research done by yourself first hand for your own area of interest which means I will be directly collecting the data I need for my research. 6

qual research

3.1 Research Methods

semi structures interview: pros interviewee can decide the sequence of the questions during the interview, semi structure interviewee enable more comprehensive data to be collected, potential gaps can be predicted and addressed, interviews that are semi structure tend to remain

Pilot study as a practice run and why useful. Basically mock run of the interview done to make sur everything runs smoothly.

3 aims of the interview: i.e gain an understanding of the subject etc

3.2 Research Approach

Online interviews using a communication platform (Microsoft Teams)

Interviews conducted using pre-determined dates and times that were calendarized. All files were prepared, so all documents relating to ensuring effective ethical management were prepared beforehand.

The conversation took place as the interviewee gave me written informed consent.

Tick box anonymity

semi transcription of the interview

Semi transcribed downloadable transcription which I need to edit. Listen back to cross reference the wrong words. Send back to participant for final check. Dependability (Cohen) increases. Anonymised transcription, no names.

reducing variables: time of the day, keep consistent time frame or room. Acknowledge the ones you can’t control.

3.3 Data Collection Instruments: Process and Justification

reducing variables, time of the day, keep consistent time frame or room. Acknowledge the ones you can’t control.

3.4 Sampling Strategy and Data Analysis

Thematic analysis, type of coding; common themes i.e plastic, waste

Sampling:

Purposive sample; specialist within the ophthalmic sector

Pros: may allow a researcher access to participants with knowledge of niche area

Cons: not representative, but is a specialist topic so isn’t too important so isn’t the primary concern given the research approach and topic.

Participants:

2 professional services managers who look after a large geographical area which are involved within the ophthalmic sector

Gary Allum: regional sales manager North East. Been in the industry since 1996

Rayna:

Interviews

Analysis: 3.4 data analysis

Analysis of interviews (qualitative research). Braun and Clarke, thematic analysis, decipher common themes within answers. Highlight themes and then make a point. Compare and contrast themes.

to extract meaning from the data and to interpret this meaning in relation to the key issues identified in the literature review.

How this analysis works step by step process of 7 steps:

Transcription, reading and familiarisation, coding, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, finalising the analysis

Attempting to improve rigour within the project. Participants check as in transcript checked and making sure it’s a true reflection from Gary who would agree and improving dependability

Aposteriori (coding): the researcher build codes once the data has been collected

Reliability can extended and repeated again from other groups.

Cohen: instead of reliability he believes it’s about rationale. He suggests that dependability is a more accurate term. If you do something rationally, it insinuates there an air of dependability around what you’re doing.

Coles: still think some core examples of reliability should be adhered too

Has the researcher been transparent and how they will take they approach to the research. How were questions created and tested. How were the participants selected and approach. How were the questions administered and analysed. This helps reader evaluate rigour. Reader can evaluate appropriateness of analysis.

Validity:

This study is qualitive in nature, most researcher would argue that measuring perception of sustainability is very difficult. So is very difficult to get an objective measurement.

3.5 Ethical Considerations

Bera reference guide, managing GDPR, anonymising docs, consent form, ethical approval committee, right to withdraw

Ethics:

This research project has been granted ethical approval form an ethics committee at the college before any research was conducted. There was a consent form, Withdrawal form and a reference number I made to help make the work ethical.

Procedural guidance was obtained from Bera (reference Bera 2020) for educational research. 7 bullet points

And make sure to follow GDPR laws (reference that)

All transcripts were stored in the researchers share point one drive, so no 3^rd parties have access to the content, data destruction is relatively straight forward. Student one drive are private, which has been confirmed by Head of I.T.

ICO

3.6 Limitations

Small numbers, unlikely to be applicable to other places, limited time

limitations: topics maybe inadvertently omitted, limited of what can be asked and how long you can talk to them for,

interviewer flexibility in the sequence of questioning may produce very different responses, so creates difficulty in comparing data sets.

Methodology:

Ethics being apriory or apostorary; using hybrid and discuss pro + cons