Explain how organ systems interrelate to allow specialization of functions.

BIO 210 Test 1 Study Guide (Chapters 1, 5, and 6)

Chapter 1

1. What is anatomy?

2. What is physiology?

3. What is the concept of complementarity? Give some examples.

4. What are the 6 characteristics of living things?

5. Describe the hierarchical structural organization of living things from smallest to largest.

6. Describe the basic functions of the following systems: Integument, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive (male and female).

7. Explain how organ systems interrelate to allow specialization of functions.

8. What is homeostasis?

9. Describe the parts of a control mechanism. Give the biological components of a control mechanism.

10. What is negative feedback? Describe the following examples: blood sugar, body temperature, blood volume.

11. What is positive feedback? Describe the following examples: labor contractions, blood clotting.

12. Be able to use the following directional terms to describe body position: Superior, inferior, ventral (anterior), dorsal (posterior), medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, and deep.

13. Distinguish between the axial and appendicular divisions.

14. Describe the 4 body planes: frontal (coronal), sagittal (median) – include midsagittal and parasagittal, transverse, and oblique

15. Know the organs of each body cavity and which serous membranes cover each.

16. Explain the difference between visceral and parietal membranes. Which lines the organ surface?

Which lines the body cavity around the organ?

17. Describe the 4 quadrants of the abdomen.

18. Describe the 9 regions of the abdomen.

Chapter 5

1. What is a tissue?

2. What are the 4 tissue types?

3. Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of each tissue type.

4. What are the characteristics of epithelial tissues?

5. What structures of epithelial tissues are unique because of its polarity?

6. Describe simple squamous epithelial tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

7. Describe simple cuboidal epithelial tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

8. Describe simple columnar epithelial tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

9. Describe pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

10. What are the differences in functions between cilia and microvilli? What cells would have each?

11. Describe stratified squamous epithelial tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

12. What is keratin? What does it mean to be keratinized? Which tissues are keratinized?

13. Describe transitional epithelial tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

14. Compare endocrine and exocrine glands. What products are made by each. Where are their products going? How do they get there?

15. Compare merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine secretion.

16. What are the characteristics of connective tissues?

17. What is the embryonic tissue that gives rise to all connective tissues? What germ layer of the embryo does this come from?

18. What are the 3 main fibers found in connective tissues?

19. What is a mast cell? What substances do they release? Why is this important?

20. Describe areolar connective tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

21. Describe adipose connective tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

22. Describe reticular connective tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

23. Describe dense regular connective tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

24. Describe dense irregular connective tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

25. Describe hyaline cartilage connective tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

26. Describe elastic cartilage connective tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

27. Describe fibrocartilage connective tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

28. Describe bone connective tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

29. Describe blood connective tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Where is blood produced? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

30. What is unique about the blood extracellular matrix compared to other connective tissues?

31. What are the 5 types of leukocytes (WBCs)? What is the general function of each?

32. Describe nervous tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells (and modifications) are found in this tissue?

33. Describe skeletal muscle tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

34. Describe cardiac muscle tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions (what unique structure is in this tissue)? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

35. Describe smooth muscle tissue. What are the major functions? Where is it typically found? How is it adapted for these functions? What cells are found in this tissue? Be able to recognize generalized cartoon drawing of this tissue type.

36. What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation?

37. Compare cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes. Where is each found?

38. Describe the process of tissue repair.

39. What are the 3 embryonic germ layers? What tissues types arise from each?