What are the essential differences among nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales?

Discussion Question 1:

What can we measure about the four objects listed below? Be as specific as possible.

a.) Laundry detergent

b.) Employees

C.) Factory output

d.) Job satisfaction

Discussion Question 2:

What are the essential differences among nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales? How do these differences affect the statistical analysis techniques we can use?