When does the First Amendment’s Free Exercise of Religion Clause justify a discriminatory business practice?

QUESTION FOR THIS FORUM DISCUSSION: When does the First Amendment’s Free Exercise of Religion Clause justify a discriminatory business practice?
In forming your discussion, READ and COMPARE: Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd. v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission, 138 S.Ct. 1718 (2018). Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd. (a small bakery, whose owner refused to create and sell a wedding cake to a same-sex couple for their wedding because their homosexual marriage was against his religious beliefs) and State of Washington v. Arlene’s Flowers, Case No. 91615-2 (Wash., June 6, 2019)(florist claimed right to deny flowers to same-sex wedding for reason of religion).
ADDITIONAL HELP SOURCES:
Another case you should consider is the Court’s finding of race discrimination under the Commerce Clause in Katzenbach v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964). Would it make a difference if the restaurant owner claimed segregation of the races was required by his religion?
Additional Chick-fil-A reference: Severson, K. (2012, July 25). Chick-fil-A thrust back into the spotlight on gay rights. New York Times.
From eReserve readings: Supreme Court Sends Mixed Messages About LGBTQ Rights
300 words single space.

What are the main significant differences between teaching and non-teaching hospitals?

Week 2, Exercise:
Use the dataset from week1 exercise and then answer the following questions:
Compare the following information between teaching and non-teaching hospitals.
What are the main significant differences between teaching and non-teaching hospitals? (use t-test)
Comparing hospital net-benefit, which hospital has better performance? To answer this question first compute the hospital net benefits with subtracting hospital costs and revenues and then use t-test to compare the significant differences between teaching and non-teaching hospitals.
Use a box-plot and compare hospitals-cost and hospital-revenues between teaching and non-teaching hospitals.
Write a short paragraph and describe your findings and their importance for the managerial decision-making. List a specific managerial function and the way the processed date will be used to meet the managerial objectives.
Table 2. Descriptive statistics between teaching and non-teaching hospitals, 2011 & 2012
Hospital Characteristics Teaching Non-Teaching p-value
N Mean St. Dev N Mean St. Dev

  1. Hospital beds              
  2. Number of paid Employee              
  3. Number of non-paid Employees              
  4. Interns and Residents              
  5. System Membership              
                   
  6. Total hospital cost              
  7. Total hospital revenues              
  8. Hospital net benefit              
                   
  9. Available Medicare days              
  10. Available Medicaid days              
                   
  11. Total Hospital Discharge              
  12. Medicare discharge              
  13. Medicaid discharge              
     
    Use Excel for calculations (mandatory). Make sure to attach the plotted information
Do you think the outcomes of elections are predetermined by the amount of money that gets spent on campaigns. Explain how this might happen. 

Question 11:
(Minimum of 400 words, with at least two citations)
Part 1: Do you think the outcomes of elections are predetermined by the amount of money that gets spent on campaigns. Explain how this might happen. 
Part 2: What are the trade-offs between privatization and federalization? When would one or the other be more appropriate? What problems might you foresee and what future events would merit a shift in the current mix?
Part 3: Do you believe that the government has “regulated” you? What does the term mean, and why does it not seem to make sense for people?

In your opinion, why does a business have a responsibility to employees and community stakeholders in a business-or plant-closing decision?

(Minimum of 400 words, with at least two citations)
Part 1: In your opinion, why does a business have a responsibility to employees and community stakeholders in a business-or plant-closing decision?
Part 2: Differentiate among strategic philanthropy, cause-related marketing, and cause branding. Provide an example of each not discussed in the text.

Identify the principal reasons why we have a product liability crisis.

Question 9:
(Minimum of 400 words, with at least two citations)
Part 1: Identify the principal reasons why we have a product liability crisis. 
Part 2: What are several of the most important environmental issues now receiving worldwide attention?
Part 3: Share your frustration with products that routinely seem to disappoint in their quality. How do you feel about the businesses making these products? What seems to be the root of the quality issue?

Are companies genuinely interested in marketing sustainable products or is this just a marketing strategy that is popular today.

(Minimum of 400 words, with at least two citations)
Part 1: Are companies genuinely interested in marketing sustainable products or is this just a marketing strategy that is popular today. Do you think “green fatigue” has set in? If so, what should companies now do?
Part 2: Give an example of a major abuse of advertising via social media from your own observations and experiences. How do you feel about this as a consumer?

Explain lobbying in your own words. Describe the different levels at which lobbying takes place. Why is there a lack of unity among the umbrella organizations?

(Minimum of 400 words, with at least two citations)
Part 1: Explain lobbying in your own words. Describe the different levels at which lobbying takes place. Why is there a lack of unity among the umbrella organizations?
Part 2: In your own words, describe what privacy means and what privacy protection companies should give employees.

Why is Google planning to return to China?

(Minimum of 400 words, with at least two citations)
Drawing on the notions of moral, amoral, and immoral management introduced in Chapter 7, categorize your impressions of (a) Nestlé, in the infant formula controversy; (b) Union Carbide, in the Bhopal tragedy; and (c) Google, in moving its search engine out of China. Why is Google planning to return to China?

Discuss what you think is the main purpose of technology for businesses.

(Minimum of 400 words, with at least two citations)
Part 1: Discuss what you think is the main purpose of technology for businesses.
Part 2: Are shareholder companies democratic? Can all shareholders participate in the governance of the company? How do shareholders exercise power?

Discuss what you know about bribery and corruption from popular media and movies.

(Minimum of 400 words, with at least two citations)
Part 1: Discuss what you know about bribery and corruption from popular media and movies.
Part 2: Drawing on the notions of moral, amoral, and immoral management introduced in Chapter 5, categorize your impressions of (a) Nestlé, in the infant formula controversy; (b) Union Carbide, in the Bhopal tragedy; and (c) Google, in moving its search engine out of China.

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