Because the three NAFTA member countries had been trading for ages before NAFTA, what are the benefits of an FTA such as NAFTA?

What if NAFTA goes Away? pg.136-7 (3 Questions pg. 137)Case studies must be typed, single-spaced and 1-2 pages long (minimum of 700-800 words), not recapping the case history or repeating the material in the case. Answer the case study questions in the textbook (p. 137) one by one.Bullet points are acceptable as long as they are accompanied by a relevant explanation.Discussion Questions1. Because the three NAFTA member countries had been trading for ages before NAFTA, what are the benefits of an FTA such as NAFTA?2. ON ETHICS: Pick your role as (1) a consumer, (2) a manufacturing worker, or (3) a banker in one member country. What has NAFTA done to help or hurt you and your community?3. Pick a firm from your state or country that is active in at least two (preferably three) member countries via trade and investment. How does it prepare for the scenario that NAFTA benefits are curtailed?EMERGING MARKETS/ETHICAL DILEMMA Closing Case: What If NAFTA Goes Away?In effect since 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has no shortage of controversies. As Trump has assumed power, the criticisms against NAFTA, potentially culminating in its repeal, force us to entertain a previously unthinkable scenario: What happens if NAFTA goes away? The answer to this question obviously boils down to what NAFTA has brought to the United States. In two decades, trilateral merchandise trade among three member countries grew from $290 billion in 1993 to $1.1 trillion in 2016—a nearly fourfold increase. Approximately $3 billion goods and services cross the border every day—an astonishing $2 million every minute. US trade with Canada tripled and US trade with Mexico increased by five times—while US trade with the rest of the world grew 280%. Canada and Mexico are, respectively, the second and third largest exporters to the United States (China is the first). Canada and Mexico are, respectively, the first and second largest importers of US goods. Mexico alone imports more US goods than China, and absorbs more US imports than Britain, France, and Germany combined. Canada imports even more “Made in USA” goods. What about jobs? In brief, no “giant sucking sound” has been heard. Approximately 300,000 US jobs—an average of 15,000 per year—were lost due to NAFTA in its first two decades, but about 100,000 jobs were added. The net loss was small, as the US economy generated at least 25 million new jobs during the same period. In 2015, the Congressional Research Service acknowledged some worker and firm adjustment costs brought by NAFTA. But overall, it reported conclusively that “NAFTA did not cause the huge job losses feared by the critics.” At present some eight million US jobs depend on trade with Canada and another six million on trade with Mexico. Even for every job lost, the economy gains $450,000 in the form of higher productivity and lower consumer prices, which benefit all. But a hard count on jobs misses another subtle but important benefit. NAFTA has allowed US firms to preserve more US jobs, because 40% of the value of US imports from Mexico and 25% from Canada is actually made in USA—in comparison, only 10% of the value of US imports from China is made in USA. In 1994, US imports from Mexico only contained 5% of the value made in USA. Clearly NAFTA has facilitated seamless supply chain integration, with goods, components, and parts crossing the border multiple times to be eventually assembled in one member country. Without NAFTA, entire industries may be lost rather than just the labor- intensive portions. So what if NAFTA goes away? First, relax: not all the benefits discussed above will be lost. As an institutional framework, NAFTA merely represents some relatively new rules of the game that are man-made and artificial. Given their natural geographic proximity and historical links, the three North American neighbors had been trading for ages before 1994. Their tightly knit economies cannot and will not immediately stop trading. In a hypothetical post-NAFTA era, these three economies will still gain by trading, but the gains will be smaller. Americans and Canadians can still enjoy plenty of yummy avocadoes from Mexico (the world’s top avocado producer), but they will have to cough up more money for their beloved guacamole. Second, if the Trump administration unilaterally imposes high import tariffs, Canada and Mexico will certainly respond in kind. Given the reality of NAFTA supply chain, a tariff is like erecting a wall in the middle of a factory. Hard-fought export market share in Canada and Mexico will shrink. Thousands of jobs in manufacturing, logistics, and other services will disappear. For example, the Center for Automotive Research estimated that a 35% tariff on vehicles imported from Mexico, which would contain 40% “Made in USA” parts, would result in the loss of 31,000 US jobs. Third, because both Canada and Mexico have free trade agreements (FTAs) with the EU, the US withdrawal from NAFTA will significantly help increase EU firms’ market share there. In other words, EU firms, propelled by their own FTAs with Canada and Mexico, will be delighted to take over the market share vacated by US firms. Beyond those from the EU, strong competitors from China, Japan, and Korea, despite having no help from FTAs, will be elbowing their way into Canada and Mexico. In other words, reducing the preferential treatments (especially low or zero tariffs) enjoyed by US firms under NAFTA will clip their wings in the competition for export markets in Canada and Mexico. Ironically, gutting NAFTA will help enhance the competitiveness of America’s global rivals.Finally, shutting down NAFTA does not bring back a large number of manufacturing jobs to the United States. The recent crises facing US manufacturing jobs, falling from 17 million to 11 million between 2000 and 2010, have little to do with NAFTA. Instead, competition with China and technological changes have largely contributed to such a decline. Therefore, blaming Mexico and dismantling a beneficial FTA do not solve the problems associated with manufacturing job losses. There is widespread belief that Trump’s nasty rhetoric on NAFTA is just “talk.” Procedurally, Trump is required to seek congressional approval if he merely wants to renegotiate NAFTA. Congress is unlikely to support a policy to throw away so many benefits and to spark retaliatory trade sanctions in America’s top two export markets—with so little gains. While NAFTA is not a panacea and has its problems, dismantling it would be “lunacy,” according to Texas Monthly. In summary, NAFTA is unlikely to be gone completely. But renegotiation is certainly possible.

Explain how aspects of ethics were considered in the decision-making processes of the organization.

The final project for this course is the creation of a case study analysis and strategy proposal. In Milestone Two, submit Section II: Analysis of Social Responsibility and Section III: Ethical Decision-Making of the final project.The purpose of this project is to analyze and critique an organization based on what is expected within a corporate strategy in regard to social responsibility.Prompt: Submit Sections II and III of the final project, which are the analysis of social responsibility and ethical decision making.Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:II. Analysis of Social Responsibility. In this part of the project, you will begin your analysis of the case study, examining how the strategy plan of the organization in the case study considers social responsibility. a) Analyze the organization’s strategy plan for compliance with the current acceptable standards or norms relative to social responsibility today. b) Analyze the organization’s strategy plan for any gaps in social responsibility that might be potential risks to internal and external stakeholders. c) Predict the potential positive and negative impacts to internal and external stakeholders regarding social responsibility that would result from the strategy plan. In other words, what might happen to the employees and/or people involved in the company regarding social responsibility from this strategy plan? You could consider both the present and future impacts. d) Critique the evolution of strategy planning related to social responsibility within the organization. In other words, what may have influenced the evolution of strategy planning related to social responsibility unique to this organization? e) Explain how this organization is or is not consistent with regard to social responsibility when compared within its own industry and when compared to outside industries. Be sure to justify your response.III. Ethical Decision-Making. In this part of the project, you will continue your analysis of the case study, examining how the strategy plan of the organization considers ethics in decision-making processes. a) Analyze the organization’s strategy plan for decision-making processes that it employs. In other words, based on the strategy plan, how does the organization make decisions? b) Explain how aspects of ethics were considered in the decision-making processes of the organization. In other words, what were the ethical considerations related to social responsibility in the decisions made by the organization? You could consider the connection between ethics and organizational decision making and how ethics influence those decisions. c) Analyze the organization’s strategy plan for any gaps in the decision-making process that could be considered potential risks to internal and external stakeholders

What other strategic processes are closely tied to ERM?

Address the following questions:What other strategic processes are closely tied to ERM?What three kinds of risks are identified within the City of Edmonton?What two criteria must be balanced in a successful ERM model?Who is responsible for dealing with and mitigating risks?To what body must the City’s strategic risks be reported?Major HomeworkRequirementsThe homework assignments are not opinion compositions, or a book, chapter, or article review. These assignments are positional arguments that are entirely supported by empirical evidence andwell-knownindustry facts.Youcan includeyourpersonal experiences and ideas if it directly relates to the topic, or reinforcesyourposition. However,you must supportall statements with evidence. All submissions must adhere to APA guidelines. APA writing is an academic standard therefore,it is not optional, it is mandatory.Points are deducted if your submission does not adhere to the following requirements:Be a scholarly submissionInclude a title pageTimes New Roman font, 1-inch margin, and double-spacedBe at least two pages in lengthShould not consist of any bullet-pointsHave a reference page with at least three academic referencesYouCANNOT use Wikipedia,LinkedInarticles,blogs, paid vendors, certification websites, or similar sources in academic writing.YouCANusereputableindustry articles from publicationssimilartoComputerWeekly,PCMag, Wall Street Journal, New York Times, or similar sources. Academic journals andpopularindustry articles are accessible in the university’s library databases and Google Scholar. All references should not have a publication date older than 2005.Be written in a clear and concise mannerContains contractual phrases,as an example“shouldn’t”“couldn’t”or“didn’t,”or similarUses vague words such as“proper,”“appropriate,”“adequate,”or similar to describe a process,function,or a procedure.As an example,“proper incident response plan,”“appropriate IT professional,”“adequate security,”or similar.These words are subjective because they have a different meaning to different individuals.Does not adhereto the University’s academic dishonesty and plagiarism policies.

Define the “Incident Operational Period”.

Define the “Incident Operational Period”.1. Who is responsible for establishing these periods, and why?2. What transition does the initial response to thenext Incident Operational Period signify for an incident?Use the following supplements to develop your answer:FEMA – The Planning ProcessHHS – see ‘Transitional Management Meeting’Fire Engineering – Setting Objectives and Strategies450-500 words excluding reference, APA format, and minimum of two reference

Explain the use of a common technique to develop a project scope.

ased on the course readings and your research, write an essay that addresses the following key elements:Project scopeIn your own words, with cited support from scholarly resources, clearly and concisely define the construct of a project Scope Statement.Explain the use of a common technique to develop a project scope.Describe the practice for achieving project scope consensus.Project work breakdown structure (WBS)In your own words, with cited support from scholarly resources, clearly and concisely define the construct of a project work breakdown structure (WBS).Based on the project elements presented in Problem 11-2 (Kerzner, 2017, p. 404), use a software application of your choosing to create a WBS (down through level 3). Include your WBS as an appendix to your essay.Describe how your WBS can be used to plan this project scenario.Additional InstructionsProperly organize your writing by including the following:Cover pageIntroductionBody of your work in response to the assignment’s key elements, with headings and subheadingsConclusionList of referencesAppendix (WBS).The introduction through conclusion sections of your essay should be approximately 4 pagesthe book info : Project Management A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and ControllingHarold Kerznerplease make sure paper is in apa formatreferencesI have attached sample apa paper so you can reference

how you can relate sharp force trauma studies in forensic anthropology to cultural anthropology.

Two to three-page assignment on how you can relate sharp force trauma studies in forensic anthropology to cultural anthropology. Associating violence to specific cultural practices or rituals, etc.Multiple sources have been attached for reference (do not need to use them all) and outside sources are welcome.

Explain how it might impact HRM in a government or non-profit organization with which you are familiar

Opportunities, Challenges, and TrendsDUE THURSDAY 8pm New York TimeAn explanation of one opportunity, challenge, or trend related to human resource management. Explain how it might impact HRM in a government or non-profit organization with which you are familiar (McDonalds). Provide specific examples to support your explanation. Explain your view how accelerated worldwide social relations might transform human resource management practices in the government sector.APA Format 1-2 pages. Use Pynes, J. E. (2013). Human resources management for public and nonprofit organizations and at least 2 of the other reading sources as Referencesreading resources provided in attachments.ReadingsPynes, J. E. (2013). Human resources management for public and nonprofit organizations: A strategic approach (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Chapter 14, “Conclusion: Challenges for Public and Nonprofit Organizations” (pp. 409–414)Durant, R. F., Girth, A. M., &amp Johnston, J. M. (2009). American exceptionalism, human resource management, and the contract state. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 29(3), 207–229.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Farazmand, A. (2009). Building administrative capacity for the age of rapid globalization: A modest prescription for the Twenty?First Century. Public Administration Review, 69(6), 1007–1020.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Selden, S. C., &amp Wooters, R. (2011). Structures in public human resource management shared services in state governments. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 31(4), 349–368.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

What are the X and Y values that maximize the profit?

Assignment Problems (64 points in total):1. Expando, Inc., is considering the possibility of building an additional factory that would produce a new addition to its product line. The company is currently considering two options. The first is a small facility that it could build at a cost of $5 million. If demand for new products is low, the company expects to receive $9 million in discounted revenues (present value of future revenues) with the small facility. On the other hand, if demand is high, it expects $11 million in discounted revenues using the small facility. The second option is to build a large factory at a cost of $8 million. Were demand to be low, the company would expect $11 million in discounted revenues with the large plant. If demand is high, the company estimates that the discounted revenues would be $15 million.In either case, the probability of demand being high is 0.40, and the probability of it being low is 0.60. Not constructing a new factory would result in no additional revenue being generated because the current factories cannot produce these new products.(a) Construct a decision tree to help Expando make the best decision. Please include the probabilities of different states and the payoffs in the decision tree full credit.You may want to refer to the decision tree on Slide 12 of the lecture on decision tree. (14 points)(b) Calculate the EMVs for each of the three alternatives. For each alternative, please include at least one step of calculation and the correct answer for full credit. (10 points)(c) Suppose a marketing research firm claims that it is able to tell whether the future demand will be high or not accurately. What is the expected value with perfect information (EVwPI)? Please provide the formula, at least one step of calculation, and the correct answer for full credit. (6 points)(d) What is the EVPI based on your answer to (c)? Please provide at least one step of calculation and the correct answer for full credit. (4 points)2. The Electrocomp Corporation manufactures two electrical products: air conditioner and large fans. The assembly process for each is similar in that both require a certain amount of wiring and drilling. Each air conditioner takes 3 hours of wiring and 2 hours of drilling. Each fan must go through 2 hours of wiring and 1 hour of drilling. During the next production period, 240 hours of wiring time is available and up to 140 hours of drilling time may be used. Each air conditioner sold yields a profit of $20. Each fan assembled may be sold for $15 profit.(a) Let X denote the number of air conditioners to be manufactured and Y denote the number of fans to be assembled. Formulate the linear programming production-mix situation. A model similar to the one on Slide 17 of the lecture slides of Week 14 is expected. (12 points)(b)What are the X and Y values that maximize the profit? For full credit, please list all the corner points in this case and compute the corresponding objective values of each of the corner points. (18 points)

What question remains for you about acquisition, meaning, and transfer?

Select a unit for preschoolers that you have taught in the past. If you are not currently teaching, locate a unit (ask a teacher friend if you can borrow one of theirs, find one online, et cetera). Analyze the unit in terms of acquisition, meaning, and transfer.In your post, indicate the learning standardsaddressed in the unit. Address the following:What evidence do you see of transfer of knowledge and skills? What are the big ideasthat are being taught in the unit? How will students be able to use what they learned in future learning or in real-world situations?What evidence do you see of meaning-making? What important understandings will students take from their interaction with the content?What evidence do you see of acquisition? What building blocksof knowledge and skills do you see that support meaning-making?What suggestions would you make to improve each of these areas in the unit you selected?What questionremains for you about acquisition, meaning, and transfer?

Discuss whether the results of your analysis of the data provide evidence that the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website differs by background color, font, or combination of background color and font. What is your recommendation?

BackgroundTourisTopia Travel (Triple T) is an online travel agency that specializes in trips to exotic locations around the world for groups of ten or more travelers. Triple T’s marketing manager has been working on a major revision of the homepage of Triple T’s website. The content for the homepage has been selected and the only remaining decisions involve the selection of the background color (white, green, or pink) and the type of font (Arial, Calibri, or Tahoma).Triple T’s IT group has designed prototype homepages featuring every combination of these background colors and fonts, and it has implemented computer code that will randomly direct each Triple T website visitor to one of these prototype homepages. For three weeks, the prototype homepage to which each visitor was directed and the amount of time in seconds spent at Triple T’s website during each visit were recorded. Ten visitors to each of the prototype homepages were then selected randomly the complete data set for these visitors is available in the file TourisTopia.Triple T wants to use these data to determine if the time spent by visitors to Triple T’s website differs by background color or font. It would also like to know if the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website differs by different combinations of background color and font.Do:In a managerial report,Use descriptive statistics to summarize the data from Triple T’s study. Based on descriptive statistics, what are your preliminary conclusions about whether the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website differs by background color or font? What are your preliminary conclusions about whether time spent by visitors to the Triple T website differs by different combinations of background color and font?Explain whether Triple T has used an observational study or a controlled experiment.Use the data from Triple T’s study to test the hypothesis that the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website is equal for the three background colors. Include both factors and their interaction in the ANOVA model, and use a=.05. Please clearly specify null and alternative hypothesis in your post.Use the data from Triple T’s study to test the hypothesis that the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website is equal for the three fonts. Include both factors and their interaction in the ANOVA model, and usea=.05. Please clearly specify null and alternative hypothesis in your post.Use the data from Triple T’s study to test the hypothesis that time spent by visitors to the Triple T website is equal for the nine combinations of background color and font. Include both factors and their interaction in the ANOVA model, and use a=.05. Please clearly specify null and alternative hypothesis in your post.Discuss whether the results of your analysis of the data provide evidence that the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website differs by background color, font, or combination of background color and font. What is your recommendation?Discuss:What recommendations does your ANOVA results support? Use findings from your managerial report to support your recommendations. Be sure to include why you support certain decisions over others. What surprising findings did you come up with during your analysis?Guided Response: Review several of your peer’s posts. In a minimum of 100 words each, respond to at least two of your fellow students’ posts in a substantive manner, and provide information that they may have missed or may not have considered regarding the application of ANOVA tables in business and economics. Do you agree with their conclusions? Why or why not?Post by classmate 1Hello ClassUse descriptive statistics to summarize the data from Triple T’s study. Based on descriptive statistics, what are your preliminary conclusions about whether the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website differs by background color or font? What are your preliminary conclusions about whether time spent by visitors to the Triple T website differs by different combinations of background color and font?The descriptive statistics show that the white background and Arial font combination will generate the biggest average time spent by customers on the website. Meanwhile, the pink background with Tahoma font is the least popular by the customers.Explain whether Triple T has used an observational study or a controlled experiment.Triple T used a controlled method for this experiment. They manually used different combinations of fonts and background colors and then measured them.Use the data from Triple T’s study to test the hypothesis that the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website is equal for the three background colors. Include both factors and their interaction in the ANOVA model, and use a=.05. Pleaseclearlyspecify null and alternative hypothesisin your post.The null hypothesis is that there is no significant differences between the backgrounds. The alternative hypothesis will show at least one significant difference between the backgrounds. If the P-value associated with the F is smaller than .05 then the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is supported. The data provided shows that the F value is 5.749643 and the P-value is 0.004624. Since this value is smaller than .05, the null hypothesis is rejected.Use the data from Triple T’s study to test the hypothesis that the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website is equal for the three fonts. Include both factors and their interaction in the ANOVA model, and usea=.05.The null hypothesis is that there are no significant differences between the fonts. The alternative hypothesis will show at least one significant difference among the fonts. The data shows that the mean time spent on the website by visitors is for the 3 fonts is .00676. Since the P-value associated with the F-value is smaller than .05, the null hypothesis is rejected.Use the data from Triple T’s study to test the hypothesis that time spent by visitors to the Triple T website is equal for the nine combinations of background color and font. Include both factors and their interaction in the ANOVA model, and use a=.05. Pleaseclearlyspecify null and alternative hypothesisin your post.The null hypothesis is that there are no significant differences in time spent. The alternative hypothesis will show at least one significant difference among the combinations. The interaction test between the background color and font is 0.2269. Since the P-value associated with the F-value is smaller than .05, the null hypothesis is rejected.Discuss whether the results of your analysis of the data provide evidence that the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website differs by background color, font, or combination of background color and font. What is your recommendation?For the 9 combinations, that data concludes that visitors to the white background and Aria font spend more time 310.4 on the website. The sample data also suggests that the variance for the white background and Tahoma font 339.1667 is smaller than the other variance combinations. The final recommendation is that the company Triple T should adopt the white background and Arial font prototypePost by classmate 2Attached are the results for the ANOVA: Two-Factor with Replication statistics for the Data File TourisTopia. ANOVA is a statistical method that tests the null hypothesis that given populations have the same mean by comparing the variability between groups to the variability within groups and the F test statistic (or F-value) is what enables us to find the p-value to support or reject the hypothesis (Jbstatistics, n.d.). In summary of this data, I have concluded that customers within the case study spent more time on the website prototypes that utilized a white background and an Arial font. The website prototypes that utilized a pink background with a Tahoma font resulted in the least amount of time spent by customers. The data suggests that both background color and font are significant, but the interaction between background color and font is not.TourisTopia Travel (Triple T) has utilized a controlled experiment to obtain this data. It had designed prototype homepages with variations of background colors and font types and randomly directed customers to each site to generate the data needed (Anderson et al., 2021).A null hypothesis for an ANOVA assumes there are no significant differences between the groups, and the alternative hypothesis assumes at least one significant difference (University of Arizona Global Campus, 2020). Utilizing the data from Triple T’s study to test the hypothesis that the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website is equal for the three background colors, my null hypothesis is that there would be no difference between time spent. My alternative hypothesis is that more time would be spent on one color background as opposed to the others. The F-value of the sample data is 5.7496, with a P-value of 0.0046. Since the P-value associated with the F-value is smaller than .05, the null hypothesis is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is supported.Utilizing the data from Triple T’s study to test the hypothesis that the time spent by visitors to the Triple T website is equal for the three fonts, my null hypothesis is that there would be no difference between time spent. My alternative hypothesis is that more time would be spent on one font as opposed to the others. The F-value of the sample data is 5.3180, with a P-value of 0.0067. Since the P-value associated with the F-value is smaller than .05, the null hypothesis is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is supported.Utilizing the data from Triple T’s study to test the hypothesis that time spent by visitors to the Triple T website is equal for the nine combinations of background color and font, my null hypothesis is that there would be no difference in time spent. My alternative hypothesis is that more time would be spent with one or more combinations of color and font. The F-value of the interaction data is 1.444, with a P-value of 0.2269. Since the P-value associated with the F-value is larger than .05, the null hypothesis is supported, and the alternative hypothesis is rejected.Data suggests that visitors to the white background prototype spent more time at the website, as did the visitors to the Arial font prototype website (University of Arizona Global Campus, 2020). Given the results of the data, the background color is significant, and the font is significant, but the interaction between the background color and font is not significant (University of Arizona Global Campus, 2020). My recommendation for Triple T would be to utilize the website with the white background and Ariel font as the data supports customers spending more time on the sites with these options. I discovered in the data analysis that when the F-value was greater than the F-critical value, it also suggested the rejection of the null hypothesis. In contrast, when the F-value was greater than the F-critical value, it suggested a failure to reject the null hypothesis.ReferencesAnderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., Cochran, J. J., Fry, M. J., &amp Ohlmann. J. W. (2021).Essentials of modern business statistics with Microsoft® Excel®(8th ed.). Cengage LearningJbstatistics. (n.d.). Introduction to One-Way ANOVA. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUQ6YppWCegUniversity of Arizona Global Campus. (2020, September 11).Week 4 introduction[Video]. Kaltura. https://ashford.mediaspace.kaltura.com/media/BUS308+%7C+Week+4+Introduction/1_9dibo9bq

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