What is the relationship of theory to actual policy?

This is the week to learn as much as possible about the key theories in international relations, why they are important, and how if at all they are related to policymaking. Among the three most important for us this week are realism, liberalism, and constructivism, though you may discover many other important theories like dependency theory, Marxist theory, radical theory (These three theories overlap in places as do the others). It is useful this week to gain a grasp of what the theories imply or assume about the behavior of states and sometimes citizens as international actors, and also begin to understand both the usefulness and limits of theory as instruments of policymaking. Whatever sources you use, make use of the Walt article and be able to explain how you believe to what extent theory relates to policymaking. Clearly, knowing the diversity and contested nature of theories will help you answer questions related to other assignments in the course as well as the three-part question below. Whenever possible, be sure to provide examples in supporting your arguments. InstructionsIn 5-7 double spaced pages in Turabian format, not including additional pages for title and references, answer the following 3 prompts below separately in a single document. You may write more pages if necessary. At least 7 sources must be used and may include the course text, Bible, and scholarly articles. What is the relationship of theory to actual policy? Are theories pre-packaged conceptual tools policymakers then apply to the interpretation of actual events? Expressed differently, is there a 1/1 correspondence between a particular event and a theory that explains it? If so, how do we explain two ‘realist’ (or liberals or constructivists, etc.) policymakers who both call for completely opposite policies in the same case, one opting for military intervention for example, while the other prefers a policy of restraint? What does this say about the relationship between theory and actual policy? Can you identify a particular IR theory that appeals to you as the better explanation of human behavior than others? Or would you say that the existence of multiple theories is an indication that perhaps all of them are plausible as possible interpretations of the same or different human events? Be clear and use examples to make your case.Consider the structure of the US government as reflected in the Constitution (i.e., institutional checks and balances, power-sharing among federal and state authority, etc.) Does this structure reflect a realist, liberal, or some other theory of human behavior? In effect, is the ‘more perfect union’ of 1787 infused with a more realist or more liberal spirit, or maybe a bit of both. Explain the possibilities concisely yet clearly with examples?

Match one or more juveniles with the criminology theory that best explains the child’s behavior

InstructionsUse the Juvenile Delinquent Behavior Template [DOCX] for this assignment. Provide complete responses in all table columns and rows.Read the profiles of each juvenile on the Listverse Top 10 Young Killers list (https://listverse.com/2011/05/14/top-10-young-killers/).Provide original, accurate, and complete summaries of each psychological and sociological criminology theory:Psychodynamic Theory.Behavioral Theory.Moral Development Theory.Personality Theory.Cultural Deviance Theory.Strain Theory.Social Control Theory.3. Match one or more juveniles with the criminology theory that best explains the child’s behavior.The same child may be used more than once but avoid matching the same child repeatedly to most or all of the theories.4. Explain your choice of theory in each case. This matching task is open to interpretation, so provide strong reasoning for your choice.Provide original, accurate, and complete summaries of each of these psychological and sociological criminology theories5. Provide complete responses in all table columns and rows

Identify the forces, barriers, and hindrances to the organizational change effort, and describe each.

Review the case study “Alaska Airlines: Navigating Change” and then complete the following: (a) State what actually occurred in the case regarding Kotter’s steps 5 and 6 of empowering employees for broad-based action and generating short-term wins, and (b) address each of the critical elements for Section II parts E and F in your change effort analysis. Make sure to include your recommendations for implementing Kotter’s steps 5 and 6.E. Enable Action by Removing BarriersIdentify the forces, barriers, and hindrances to the organizational change effort, and describe each.How can resistance be recognized? How will you eliminate resistance or mitigate its impact on the implementation of the change plan?Describe actions that will enable and empower employees to help drive the change effort.F. Generate Short-Term WinsDetermine how you will generate short-term wins. How will you reward these wins?What can be gained from short-term wins? Support your response. Guidelines for Submission: submitted as a 3–6 Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one inch margins, and at least three sources cited in APA format.

Discuss the importance of the inductive approach in qualitative research. How does this approach differ from the deductive approach in quantitative research?

Chapter 1: The Selection of a Research ApproachDiscuss the importance of the inductive approach in qualitative research. How does this approach differ from the deductive approach in quantitative research?How does your philosophical worldview influence the types of research you are interested in conducting?Of the four philosophical worldviews, which do you think is more appropriate for your field or discipline and why?Identify a program or intervention in your work. What type of research design would be appropriate to evaluate its effectiveness. Justify your response?The Creswell textbook is the required source to complete the assignment – No other sources are needed*A reference(s) is required for all assignment (Creswell)

Assuming no financial restraint, briefly outline what method(s) you would suggest using for assessing the impact of free coverage on usage of medical services and on health outcomes.

Field experiments have been used to test the effectiveness of policy “nudges”—attempts by government to align desirable social behavior with individual incentives in policy areas ranging from retirement planning to tax compliance. Both the Democratic administration of President Obama and the Conservative government of David Cameron in the U.K. have supported this type of research. For your Discussion this week, choose one of the two scenarios provided and complete the corresponding prompts.Scenario 1: Affordable Care ActAssume that the Affordable Care Act (ACA), a landmark healthcare reform act passed by the United States Government in 2012, is still in the process of full implementation. Prior to its passage, earlier versions originally proposed the provision of medical care free of charge to the U.S. population. Suppose that you have been asked to evaluate the potential effects of the ACA nationwide. There are two key issues to consider. One issue has to do with how much more medical care people would use if it could be offered free of charge. The second issue has to do with what effect the medical care would have on the health of the average person. Assume you have 3–5 years to conduct the evaluation.Post by Day 3 a response to the following:Assuming no financial restraint, briefly outline what method(s) you would suggest using for assessing the impact of free coverage on usage of medical services and on health outcomes. Use a randomized field experimental design, a cost benefit/effectiveness quantitative evaluation design, or both, and explain your choice.Scenario 2: NudgingPost by Day 3 a response to the following:Briefly describe a nudging field experiment design focused on encouraging more self-employed taxpayers to file their estimated taxes. Consider both coercive and nudge style mechanisms to accomplish this, with an aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods.

What public policy solution(s) may alleviate the public policy concerning issue?

Directions: Using the required, academic readings, and supplemental academic research, please address the following while adhering to the Discussion Board Rubric:Select a specific example of public policy from one of the following fields:Economic policyAn example of economic policy is U.S. budget deficit spending.Education policyAn example of education policy are the implementation of charter schools.Environmental policyAn example of environmental policy is the Clean Air Act.Foreign policyAn example of foreign policy is the interplay between civil liberties and the Patriot Act.Healthcare policyAn example of healthcare policy is the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare).Welfare policyAn example of welfare policy is Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).What public policy solution(s) may alleviate the public policy concerning issue?What could your local, state, the federal government do?What could individuals or groups do?Assess the cost-benefits for either taking action or not taking action.How feasible are your public policy solutions?How might society react to your public policy solutions?What are the ethical implications of the public policy solution?How can one better ‘frame’ the public policy solutions?

What are the legal considerations of this issue?

Ethical Considerations Project Read the assigned article, “Informed Consent for Emergency Contraception: Variability in Hospital Care of Rape Victims.”Review the Brownfield v. Daniel Freeman Marina Hospital case summary. (Below)Review Essay Requirements. (Below) Brownfield v. Daniel Freeman Marina Hospital Ascension Health (2007) Brownfield v. Daniel Freeman Marina Hospital. Retrieved November 28, 2008 fromhttp://www.ascensionhealth.org/ethics/public/cases/cases_AF.asp In this 1989 federal appellate court case, the plaintiff was taken to Freeman Hospital’s emergency room after being raped. In response to the patient’s request for information about the morning-after pill, the hospital authorities refused to provide such information, believing that they could not, on the grounds that it was a Catholic hospital. Specifically, the hospital did not inform the patient that if she wanted such treatment it must be obtained within 72 hours to be effective. The court reasoned that a patient has the right to make her own decisions regarding treatment, and therefore, adequate disclosure of information must be provided so the patient can make an informed decision. The court concluded that a rape victim who is denied information about access to the morning-after pill may bring a medical malpractice action. This means that liability may arise if the patient can show: 1) that a skilled practitioner would have provided such information and access under similar circumstances; 2) that she would have elected such treatment; and 3) that “damages” (in this case, pregnancy) resulted from the failure to provide such information. In a footnote to its decision, the court indicated that “access” to such treatment could include transfer of the patient to another medical facility or another physician.More critical for Catholic-sponsored hospitals, the court also reasoned that the morning-after pill constitutes the “prevention” rather the than “termination” of pregnancy. It therefore concluded that the conscience clause under the state’s abortion statute did not immunize the hospital from liability for failure to refuse to provide such information. However, since human life begins at conception (fertilization) and not merely after implantation of the embryo, the relevant moral question from the Catholic perspective is not whether or not there is a pregnancy, but whether or not there is another innocent human life to be respected. Those “contraceptive” measures that operate solely through the prevention of implantation are morally equivalent to abortions in Catholic moral theology, and are therefore impermissible under the Ethical and Religious Directives (both then and now). Nevertheless, the court did not accept this moral distinction as relevant for its ruling.The court ruling itself stated that Catholic Hospitals have the responsibility “to provide information concerning, and access to, estrogen prophylaxis for rape victims.” Essay Requirements: You are to complete a 1-2 page (12pt Times New Roman font, double spaced) issue analysis that answers the following questions: What are the ethical considerations of this issue?What are the legal considerations of this issue?What ethical concepts and principles apply to this issue?If you were a judge in the Brownfield v. Daniel Freeman Marina Hospital case, would you agree with the other judge’s decisions? How would you justify this decision to the hospital or the rape victims?Your submission is to be a formal, multi-paragraphed essay. While citations and sources are not required for this paper, if you borrow any information as supporting details, they must be cited in proper APA format. 550 words paper Scored: 100/100

Explain what obligations the U.S. government has towards its citizens and how these obligations impact individual and group rights.

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read Chapters 8, 9, and 10 in American Government and review the Week 4 Instructor Guidance. Be sure to read about the different party platforms, including the Democratic Party (Links to an external site.), Republican Party (Links to an external site.), and one third party (e.g., Libertarian Party (Links to an external site.), Green Party (Links to an external site.), Constitution Party (Links to an external site.), etc.). Reflect: Our political system is characterized by certain fundamental features to include a system of laws, rights, and liberties. The laws, created and supported by the Constitutional framework, are designed to protect and secure the rights and liberties of individuals and groups throughout the United States. However, the government also must provide for the security of its citizens from serious internal and external threats that could cause severe damage to our country. Think about how the need for homeland and national security can create a dilemma where conflicts emerge between these security needs and the demands for civil rights and liberties. Write: In your initial post,Explain what obligations the U.S. government has towards its citizens and how these obligations impact individual and group rights.Provide real-world examples to support your explanation, including one personal example from your own experiences.Using your personal example, explain the position of the two major parties and a third party, regarding the example you presented.Your initial post must be at least 300 words. If you are citing statistics our outside resources, please list the website or the reference entry.

What is the current state of public service workers?

200 Words per question, give 1 reference for each question:1. What is the current state of public service workers? Are public service personnel treated well, poorly, too well, etc.? How does their current state compare to other times in the past?2. Explain the complexities of historic public personnel management (government by gentlemen to current). Think of an organization you are employed with or are a part of. How is diversity defined in your organization? Give examples of how diversity recruiting programs work. How is your organization using such recruiting tools?3. Should state and local budgets be based on financing existing and proposed policies, or should policy enactment be based on the availability of resources to finance them? Explain and give examples. 4. Find a policy that is funded at all three levels. Analyze how that funding has changed over time. What does it mean for public management and the provisions of the services in the future? Explain and give examples.

What are the primary differences concerning controlled areas, limited areas, and exclusion areas in the transportation industry and specific security challenges related to each?

What are the primary differences concerning controlled areas, limited areas, and exclusion areas in the transportation industry and specific security challenges related to each? What are some of the major problems associated with drug abuse in the workplace and the security manager’s responsibility related to them? Please write at least 350 words using APA citations. Also, please make at least one citation from the required readings that are attached.

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