Compare the emissions of biodiesel blends with the emissions from ethanol blends. Which produces more SOx and NOx? Which produces more CO?

Research Project (Online version): Testing Biodiesels

As the economic (and environmental) cost of fossil fuels becomes increasingly problematic, the need to shift toward alternative forms of energy is gaining popularity. One promising new form of energy can be found in biodiesel, which can use various natural products and even waste to generate fuels to heat our homes, power our vehicles and charge our phablets. The process of generating biodiesel involves a reaction called transesterification, whereby fats and oils which contain a high percentage of triglycerides, are broken down into glycerol and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). The process is shown below:

Biodiesel production: Transesterification of triglycerides (fats) to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES)

A triglyceride is composed of 3 ester, functional groups. The process of transesterification involves treatment of triglycerides with methanol (an alcohol) in the presence of an acid or base catalyst, the original ester bonds are broken and new ester bonds are formed. Thus the original ester (triglyceride) is broken and the resulting methyl esters are derived from reaction of methanol with the 3 fatty acid chains. While the original triglyceride is too viscous to work in a conventional car engine, the resulting methyl esters are more volatile and can be combusted in slightly modified, conventional engines. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES) are very flammable with a rather low flash point while their free fatty acid (FFA) counterparts have much higher melting points and higher flash points, making them less desirable as fuels. Thus, biodiesel synthesis must be carried out in a way that minimizes formation of free fatty acids while maximizing the breaking of ester bonds in the triglyceride. This is best done in anhydrous environment using dry solvents under inert atmosphere such as Ar. However, such an environment can be expensive to produce and outweigh the benefits of the gain in reaction efficiency.

PART I. Background on biofuel terminology, uses and materials.

Purpose

1. Become familiar with scientific language relevant to this field.
2. Develop practical analysis skills using data and figures related to biofuel synthesis.
3. Use background literature to identify the knowledge gaps and areas for future work in a given scientific field.
4. Create your own ideas and research goals related to optimizing biodiesel use.

Task: Use this publication in PNAS to answer the following questions

1. Notice this article refers to 2 major biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel. What are the main crops used to produce these biofuels?
2. Define the term “Net Energy Balance”? Is it more desirable to have a positive or negative NEB? Why?
3. Evaluate figure 1. Compare the NEB of corn based and soybean based biofuels. Which has a more desirable NEB?
4. What is DDGS and soybean mean and how do these contribute to the net energy balance?
5. Life cycle environmental effects. This section of the paper compares the pesticide consumption and emissions of different biofuels.
   1. Which biofuel consumes more pesticide? What is the impact of this pesticide usage on the Gulf of Mexico?
   1. Compare the emissions of biodiesel blends with the emissions from ethanol blends. Which produces more SOx and NOx? Which produces more CO?
6. Potential US Supply. This section of the paper discusses the problems with off-setting fossil fuel productions with corn or soybean based biofuels.
   1. How do soybean based biodiesel and corn based ethanol usage compare to fossil fuel usage in the US?
   1. By what percentage could fossil fuel consumption be reduced if all soybean and corn were converted to biofuels?
7. Your opinion: What are the major obstacles to reducing fossil fuel consumption through use of biofuels? What are some possible strategies to increase the use of biofuels relative to fossil fuels?

Rubric for part I

Part II. Hypothesis and method formulation.

Purpose: In Part I you explored the relevant literature, introducing you to the academic language, data types and knowledge gaps in the field of biofuel development. In part II, you will build on this by formulating your own hypothesis and method related to biodiesel production, consumption or waste products. As part of this method, be sure to include build appropriate controls, as we have discussed in the past.

Task: Formulate a hypothesis and research question. For background on the difference between a research question and hypothesis, read “Research Questions, Hypotheses and Objectives written by Patricia Farrugia et al. the reading by Farrugia, 2010 (source linked below). The hypothesis should include a statement of rationale to justify why you have chosen to study your chosen independent and dependent variables. Notice that below Task 2, in this document, is a “Basic protocol” that suggests potential independent and dependent variables for you to choose. You can use any of these variables or choose your own.

Task: Formulate a method to test this hypothesis. To format your method, use the article by Wenying Shi and coworkers titled “Biodiesel production from waste chicken fat with low free fatty acids by an integrated catalytic process of composite membrane and sodium methoxide.” A .pdf of this article is also attached to the Canvas assignment. Use this as a guide for depth and style in writing your method. In particular, pay attention the level of detail in the method. There is a skill to writing scientific methods, it is possible to have both too much and too little detail. The abstract and introduction to the paper by Shi will also discuss more about the molecular structure of biodiesel, the methods for preparing biodiesel and some of the challenges facing researchers who are looking to use biodiesel as a clean-burning, renewable replacement for fossil fuels. In this process, you will also need to seek out additional resources such as your textbook, instructor or classmates for help understanding background information. A BC librarian has also provided you with a module to introduce you to browsing literature sources for use in formulating a research question and hypothesis.

In addition, all of the recommended resources and searching techniques may be found at: https://bellevuecollege.libguides.com/CHEM162.  

Basic Protocol (Use this link to see a video demonstration of the basic protocol from MCC Alt Fuels)

1. Make sure all glassware is clean and dry
2. Dissolve approximately 2.25 g of NaOH in 50.0 mL of methanol in an Erlenmeyer flask.
   1. Independent variable option: This may be a step you want to modify for your experiment. Do you want to try a different catalyst? Do you want to change the reaction conditions in some way?
   1. Experimental note: You should be able to determine the appropriate equipment for these mass and volume measurements. Also, you should be able to explain why we are using an Erlenmeyer flask instead of a beaker for this step).
   1. Experimental note: If you do not add exactly 2.25 g of NaOH or exactly 50.0 mL of methanol this will not cause error in this experiment. Why not? You should make sure to record exactly how much NaOH and methanol that you do add, why is this important?
3. Cover flask with a watch glass and stir until the NaOH dissolves (you have now produced sodium methoxide).
   1. Independent variable option: You may want to compare how KOH compares to NaOH as catalysts for this reaction.
   1. Experimental note: Determining how to stir this, safely, is the responsibility of the scientist. Note that using a glass stir rod is labor intensive but still considered stirring.
4. Add 225 g of vegetable oil to a separate Erlenmeyer flask.
   1. Independent variable option: This may be a step you want to modify for your experiment. Do you want to try a different feedstock?
   1. Experimental note: Does it matter if you use exactly 250.0 mL of vegetable oil? What is something you should do after making this measurement?
   1. Experimental note: Be sure to fully think through your protocol before you perform it. Notice what you will be doing in the next step. Use this information to determine which Erlenmeyer flask to use here. Should you record which piece of glassware you actually used?
5. Slowly and carefully add the sodium methoxide solution to the vegetable oil. Heat this mixture to 55-60 ^oC with stirring for about 45 minutes (How will you stir this?).
6. Pour mixture into a separatory funnel and let sit for about 10-15 minutes. Make sure the stopcock is closed before adding your mixture to the funnel. The separatory funnel will allow for separation of the glycerol (d = 1.26 g/mL) from the biodiesel (d ≈ 0.85 g/mL). Make sure to record your observations here.
7. Slowly drain the glycerol layer into a small beaker by turning the stop cock.
8. Drain the crude biodiesel into a clean container to save for later use.
   1. Experimental note: You will need to wash this biodiesel you will be able to use it in your vehicle.

Possible dependent variables

1. Dependent variable to measure: Fuel value.
   1. You have already designed a protocol for testing the heat of combustion of your fuel. This is one protocol you might use to test your hypothesis.
2. Dependent variable: Products of combustion
   1. Collect the exhaust from combustion of your fuel. Analyze this exhaust for different components including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and soot.
3. Dependent variable: Efficiency of transesterification reaction.
   1. Use GCMS to measure the products of your reaction. This would be useful if you were testing different catalysts or reaction conditions for biodiesel preparation.
4. Dependent variable of your choice: Discuss with instructor.

What you will submit for Part II:

• A research question and hypothesis, submitted electronically to Canvas. Make sure your question and hypothesis follow the guidelines outlined by Farrugia. Notice that the basic protocol contains suggestions for independent and dependent variables to consider in formulating your hypothesis. Please choose one of the independent and dependent variables suggested. If you would like to design your own independent and dependent variable please make sure that this experiment will be feasible given the equipment available.

• A 2 paragraph statement of rationale, or introduction containing background information supporting your hypothesis. This introduction should cover the overall goal of synthesizing and testing biodiesel and eventually describe the focused, scientific question you hope to answer.

• A method outlining the steps taken to prepare and to test biodiesel. Make sure this procedure contains statements of rationale for each step. The purpose of this procedure is so that in the future, you can exactly replicate the product of this procedure. This method should also clearly identify any negative and positive controls to ensure that your dependent variable is only responding to your independent variable and that you are able to adequately measure this response.

Rubric for part II

Hypothesis and rationale

Method development

Illustrate the concepts of logistic system operations used in logistic systems, time based management and lean thinking.

The purpose of this assignment is to identify and apply Logistics and Supply Chain Management concepts/tools to suggest logistics performance priorities.

College of Administrative and Financial Sciences

Assignment-3

MGT322 – Logistics Management

Deadline: 04/12/2021 @ 23:59

For Instructor’s Use only

Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY

• The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated folder.
• Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
• Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
• Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
• Late submission will NOT be accepted.
• Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
• All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).
• Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.

Logistics Management

ASSIGNMENT -3

Submission Date by students:  Before the end of Week- 13^th

Place of Submission: Students Grade Centre

Weight:     05 Marks

Learning Outcome:

1. Illustrate the concepts of logistic system operations used in logistic systems, time based management and lean thinking.
2. Interpret the use advanced theory and methods to identify inefficiencies in supply chains

Assignment Workload:

This assignment is an individual assignment.

Critical Thinking

The purpose of this assignment is to identify and apply Logistics and Supply Chain Management concepts/tools to suggest logistics performance priorities.

Use Saudi digital Library (SDL) search engine.

Search Title: THE BENEFITS OF LEAN MANUFACTURING what lean thinking offers the process Industries

Authors Name: Melton,T

Source: In 7th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Research and Design June 2005 83(6):662-673

 Read out the research paper carefully and based on your understanding you should answer the following questions.

Questions:

1. Why Manufacturing Companies focuses on Lean Thinking? (1.5 Marks)
2. What do understand by the term overproduction? Why it consider as the biggest waste of all? (1.5 Marks)
3. Assess the reasons for using lean thinking. What are the benefits from Suppliers to end users? (1.5 Marks)
4. References (0.5 Marks)

The Answer must follow the outline points below:

• Each answer should be 400 to 500 range of word counts.
• Lean Thinking Concept
• Their Main functions
• Reasons with suitable Examples
• Reference

What are your impressions of and reactions to the therapist(s)?

Narrative Family Therapy (2 hours in length, psychotherapy.net, interactive transcription) Therapist Stephen Madigan-kid -Ollie0 Mother Pointdexter 4.

What are your impressions of and reactions to the therapist(s)?

What did you think about the therapist’s style of interacting with the family members?

What questions did the therapist ask and/or observations did they make, that you thought were interesting or helpful?

Explain your thinking.

How Paine characterize “government” in general

• How does Paine characterize “government” in general? Describe, IN YOUR OWN WORDS, what he thinks of those who govern. Then, think about our current situation (COVID CRISIS). How would Paine’s ideas about government suit our current needs? (There is no right or wrong answer here–only thoughtful and unthoughtful ones. Just give it some real thought.) no citations

Requirements: one paragraph

Determine whether the Emergency Department is profitable after allocating costs of support departments.

Background:

Your group has been ‘hired’ as interns at Valley Medical Center.  Instead of acting as mere go-fors for the duration of the time at VMC, the VP of Finance has decided that it would be a waste to not take advantage of the accounting knowledge that you have accumulated at Bellevue College.  In addition, the project assigned would provide a taste of what real-life management accountants are called upon to do.

VMC is a local hospital that provides services to primarily the southern King County area of the State of Washington.  If you want full details on what VMC is and what it does, you can find out more at www.valleymed.org (Links to an external site.).  One of the largest services VMC provides is in Emergency Services, or the ER as most people like to call it.

Located in the same directory of this document is an excel spreadsheet containing a host of data on the emergency department as well as support departments at VMC.  In addition, you will also find detail of revenues and expenses of other departments at VMC.  There should also be a tab that will help you cross reference department numbers to department descriptions.

One item that you should notice is that the income statement of the emergency department shows gross patient revenues and then something called contractual adjustments.  Gross patient revenues are essentially the number of times a service is performed multiplied times some price.  The interesting thing about health care is despite the fact we charge a certain amount, we will not get that amount.  All medical facilities enter into contracts with insurance carriers.  For a particular type of service, an insurance company may only reimburse 80% of the price of the service provided.  In other situations, some insurance companies may only reimburse a fixed amount for the service provided.   As a result, the difference between what the medical facility charges and what is actually paid by insurance is considered to be a contractual allowance.  The rest of the expenses are fairly self-explanatory.  For the purposes of this project, you can ignore other operating revenues.

Another tab that might draw your attention is one called ED_Services_Provided_2011.  You will find a summary of the services that were charged to patients.  VMC charges patients based on a level.  Each level has a set of criteria that would indicate how you would be charged.  For the purposes of this project, you can assume that each level consumes a multiple of the resources of the lowest level.  So, a Level 3 ED Charge will consume 3 times as many resources as Level 1 ED Charge, while a Level 4 ED Charge will consume 4 times as many resources as a Level 1 ED Charge.

Project:

            Overall Goals:

    1. Using the methods of allocating costs found in the text, determine the costs of each of the ED level charges provided.

What method was used in allocating costs?  Why was this method used?  What are the advantages of this approach?  What are the                disadvantages?

    2. Determine whether the Emergency Department is profitable after allocating costs of support departments.

Is there one level charge that is more or less profitable than another?  Who should determine what charges should be applied to a patient?  What are the advantages/disadvantages of determining who should determine what emergency department charge level should be applied to a patient?  Does it matter?  Are there any ethical issues involved in this?

    3.  Is it good or bad that the Emergency Department is profitable or non-profitable?  If your analysis determines that the ED is profitable, tell me why this good and why this may be bad.  The same analysis if you determine that the ED is a non-profitable department.

Short answers with tables. No words and format limit.

Discuss the Business Models and Pricing Strategies used in Amazon and eBay?

Assignment 2: Case Study

Assignment 2: Case Study

Students need to understand the company scenario from the given case study; the answers can be also from outside trusted resources. Answers can have related quotations with proper references.

Maximum Grades: 10

Duration: 4 Weeks

Number of Words for Each Answer: 125 to 150 Words

Amazon and eBay

Online marketplace is an e-commerce site that links sellers with buyers. Online Amazon, eBay, and Craigslist are the examples of E-Market places. Companies utilize online marketplaces to connect with customers who want to purchase their products and services. Amazon and eBay were among the first e-marketplaces.

Amazon and eBay are two largest players in the e-commerce sector. Amazon and eBay have many comparisons, at first in attracting visitors to their site, providing them the ability to browse existing products and make a purchase. The differences between the two companies exists in their business models. Amazon works like a traditional retail store whereas eBay functions other like an auction house.

Amazon depend on third-party sellers to list their products on the site so that consumers have a large inventory of goods to search through. Also, eBay depend on sellers to list their goods for sale to be auctioned off in a certain time. Amazon is buyer orientated while eBay is seller orientated.

eBay is an auction house and marketplace that basically facilitates the sale of goods between third-party buyers and sellers. Buyers visit the site to search for products they want to buy from big list of individual sellers and then bid on items through individual auctions.

 Amazon is an immediate provider of goods, and customers visiting its site view products that Amazon maintains as inventory in its large network of warehouses. Amazon’s products are either from their own brand or from third-party sellers, the last of which makes up the bulk of its offerings.

Even though Amazon and eBay are two of the largest players in e-commerce, both have much different business models. Amazon works like a traditional retail store, attracting buyers to its site to purchase its listed inventory, while eBay attracts sellers to list their personal goods, working as an auction house or a garage sale.

As a buyer, depends on what you are seeking to purchase, either Amazon or eBay will be a better fit for your needs. Similarly, as a seller, based on your business model and selling needs, one company will work better for your business goals.

Case Study Questions

1.What type of e-commerce does eBay and Amazon use? (2 marks)

2. What are the similarities of Amazon and eBay e-Market selling? (2 marks)

• Discuss the Business Models and Pricing Strategies used in Amazon and eBay? (2 marks)

• As an e-commerce expert, give the competitive features required for an

E-Market place. (2 marks)

5. Express your personal experience with the services of any E-market place. Which one you prefer and why? (2 marks)

What impact has David Suzuki had on environmental awareness in canada?

Choose one question:
 What influence has the(Ayurvedic)tradition hadon(Indiancuisine)?  What was the impact of(Chinese Buddhism)on(Korea,Vietnam,andChina)?How were practices associated with(Chinese Buddhism)adapted in these different social/cultural contexts? In what ways has cuisine from various ethnocultural groups changed the nature of the Canadian culinary landscape? What have been the effects of interfaith dialogue on Canadian culture?In what ways has ethnocultural diversity contributed to Canadian national identity? In what ways have firsts(the first people from ethnocultural minorities to attain positions of influence)changed the face of Canadian society? What impact has David Suzuki had on environmental awareness in Canada?  How did practices in (Timbuktu)advance the field of education and the development of academic institutions outside (WestAfrica)?  Whatwas the role of East Africa and the Arab world in the popularization of coffee?How important is the coffee trade totoday’s global economy?What have been the effects of the trade on local farmers who cultivate this crop?  *What is the difference between cultural appropriation and cultural influence in an artist’s work?Why is the distinction important?
Then write a 800 words five-paragraph essay. Your essay should have

(1)4or5+good sources,atleast2peer-reviewed

(2))Demonstrate deep thought and strong critical thinking

(3)Professional final product.

(4)Thoroughly answer every aspect of the topic question

(5)Connects to past course content

(6)Contributions&Influences

What is the method used by the firms to manage their cultures after alliance? underline the pros and cons of this method.

                          College of Administrative and Financial Sciences

Assignment 3

Strategic Management (MGT 401)

Deadline: 04/12/2021 @ 23:59

For Instructor’s Use only

Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY

• The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated folder.
• Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
• Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
• Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
• Late submission will NOT be accepted.
• Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
• All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).
• Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.

Assignment No 3   

Learning Outcomes:

1.  Distinguish between different types and levels of strategy and strategy implementation (Lo.3)
2. Gain insights into the strategy-making processes of different types of organizations (Lo.4)
3. Understand issues related to strategic competitive advantage in diversified organizations (Lo.6)

From real national/international market, select any type of strategic alliance between two firms and answer the following questions:

1. Briefly introduce your chosen firms, partners of the strategic alliance (industry, nationality, size, market position…). (1Mark)- Max 150 words
2. What is the type of strategic alliance used by your chosen firms? Explain its different reasons. (1Mark)
3. What is the method used by the firms to manage their cultures after alliance? underline the pros and cons of this method. (1 Mark)
4. Is this strategic alliance successful? Justify. (1 Mark)
5. What recommendations can you give for the managers of these firms to improve their competitiveness? (1 mark)

Note. All references used should be listed by the end of your analysis, using the APA style.

INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

Part 1

What did you learn in Introduction to Statistics class and how can you apply it to your major field of study (Business, Science, etc) or real-life?

Follow the Instructions Below:

Your writing assignment must be typed in your own words (1 page in length, 1.5 spacing)

Part 2

Share with your classmates at least two things you learn in the Principles of Statistical Analysis class and how you can apply it to real-life.

Follow the Instructions: Response for part 2 must be 150-200 words

Requirements: Part 1 – 1 page in length/ Part 2 150-200 words   |   .doc file

What are the ethical dilemmas presented within this hypothetical scenario?

Today you have been asked to work intake for potentially-new clients that will be receiving services with Rasmussen Help Center, LLC. It is currently 4:55 pm, and because the center is closing in 5 minutes, you begin to gather the intake paperwork. You did not notice Calvin, who was walking out of the bathroom, and he says to you, “I need help. I’m homeless, hungry, and I can’t do another day on the street. Can you help me?”

As you are listening to Calvin, you smell alcohol on his breath and the stench of marijuana on his clothing. Calvin informs you that he is a homeless veteran and abruptly states, “If I have to live on the streets again tonight, I might as well end it.” It is now 4:59 pm. You have a paper due at midnight that you have not yet begun, and you are hoping to get some library time in before the public library closes at 7:00 pm. In a two-page, double-spaced paper, using at least one source, address the following:

• What are the ethical dilemmas presented within this hypothetical scenario?
• Based upon the Ethical Standards for Human Services Professionals established by the National Organization of Human Services, what should you do?
• What skills are necessary when working with Calvin and what steps would you take in assisting Calvin?
• *****Must be APA format********

Requirements: 2 pages double spaced   |   .doc file