Chapter 13 the aggregate demand–aggregate supplymodel

 
Chapter 13
The Aggregate Demand–Aggregate SupplyModel
Concept Map
      I.  Business Cycle
     II.  Aggregate Demand
          A.  Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve
               1.  The Wealth Effect
               2.  The Interest Rate Effect
               3.  The International Trade Effect
          B.  Shifts of the Aggregate Demand Curve
    III.  Aggregate Supply
          A.  Long-Run Aggregate Supply
          B.  Short-Run Aggregate Supply
    IV.  Equilibrium in the Aggregate Demand–Aggregate Supply Model
          A.  Adjusting to Shifts in Long-Run Aggregate Supply
          B.  Adjusting to Shifts in Short-Run Aggregate Supply
          C.  Adjusting to Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
    1.  Which of the following is true about recessions in the United States?
         a.  They are more common today than in the past.
         b.  They are rarer today than in the past.
         c.  They occur predictably about every two years.
         d.  They occur predictably about every eight years.
         e.  They are often caused by changes in government policy.
.
    2.  How many recessions have there been in the United States since 1982?
         a.  none
         b.  one
         c.  two
         d.  three
         e.  four
.
    3.  The term ___________ is a popular way to describe the recession-expansion pattern followed by the economy.
         a.  business cycle
         b.  output cycle
         c.  inflation cycle
         d.  unemployment cycle
         e.  long-run cycle
.
    4.  Business-cycle theory focuses on time horizons of less than:
         a.  five years.
         b.  ten years.
         c.  two years.
         d.  one year.
         e.  one month.
.
    5.  The model used to study business cycles is the:
         a.  labor model.
         b.  savings model.
         c.  growth model.
         d.  aggregate demand–aggregate supply model.
         e.  interest rate model.
.
    6.  Unemployment rises and real gross domestic product (GDP) growth slows during the:
         a.  expansion phase of a business cycle.
         b.  recession phase of a business cycle.
         c.  entire business cycle.
         d.  recovery phase of a business cycle.
         e.  short-run phase of a business cycle.
.
    7.  Aggregate demand is determined by adding up the spending of:
         a.  domestic consumers who buy goods and services produced in the United States.
         b.  domestic consumers and firms that buy goods and services produced in the United States.
         c.  domestic and foreign consumers who buy goods and services produced in the United States.
         d.  domestic and foreign consumers and firms that buy goods and services produced in the United States.
         e.  consumers, firms, the government, and foreigners that buy goods and services produced in the United States.
I.
    8.  The aggregate demand curve is best represented by which of the following equations?
         a.
         b.
         c.
         d.
         e.
    9.  The aggregate demand curve illustrates the:
         a.  positive relationship between the price level and the quantity demanded of real gross domestic product (GDP).
         b.  positive relationship between the price level and the quantity demanded of nominal GDP.
         c.  inverse relationship between the price level and the quantity demanded of real GDP.
         d.  inverse relationship between the price level and the quantity demanded of nominal GDP.
         e.  positive relationship between the level of spending and the level of real GDP.
  10.  The price index used to illustrate the aggregate demand curve is the:
         a.  gross domestic product (GDP) deflator. (price level)
         b.  consumer price index.
         c.  producer price index.
         d.  nominal price index.
         e.  real price index.
  11.  Which of the following would cause an upward movement along the aggregate demand curve?
         a.  There is an increase in expected income.
         b.  An increase in the price level increases the value of real wealth.
         c.  An increase in housing prices increases the value of real wealth.
         d.  The value of the dollar increases.
         e.  There is an increase in the expected price level.
DIF: Difficult  TOP: II.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve  MSC: Applying
  12.  Which of the following would cause a downward movement along the aggregate demand curve?
         a.  A rise in the price level makes U.S. goods relatively more expensive than foreign goods.
         b.  The value of real wealth rises.
         c.  There is a decline in the expected price level.
         d.  A fall in the price level increases savings and lowers interest rates.
         e.  The value of the dollar decreases.
DIF: Difficult  TOP: II.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve  MSC: Applying
  13.  Consider the wealth effect, interest rate effect, and international trade effect. Of these, the __________ effect is the most significant and the __________ effect is the least significant.
         a.  wealth; international trade
         b.  wealth; interest rate
         c.  interest rate; wealth
         d.  interest rate; international trade
         e.  international trade; wealth
I.A.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve 
  14.  The aggregate demand curve slopes downward because:
         a.  as price rises, consumers substitute cheaper goods for more expensive goods.
         b.  all demand curves slope downward.
         c.  a higher price level will increase purchasing power.
         d.  a higher price level will increase exports.
         e.  a higher price level reduces wealth.
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve 
  15.  The wealth effect, interest rate effect, and international trade effect all explain why the:
         a.  aggregate demand (AD) curve has a negative slope.
         b.  AD curve has a positive slope.
         c.  aggregate supply (AS) curve has a positive slope.
         d.  AS curve has a negative slope.
         e.  price level and real gross domestic product (GDP) are unrelated.
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve 
  16.  When the price level rises, __________ declines from the wealth effect, __________ declines from the interest rate effect, and __________ decline(s) from the international trade effect.
         a.  consumption; investment; net exports
         b.  consumption; consumption; consumption
         c.  investment; investment; net exports
         d.  investment; consumption; net exports
         e.  investment; investment; investment
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve  MSC: Understanding
  17.  The value of one’s accumulated assets is best defined as:
         a.  money.
         b.  wealth.
         c.  income.
         d.  saving.
         e.  net worth.
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.1.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve 
  18.  The wealth effect is best described as resulting from:
         a.  an increase in the price level reducing the real value of wealth.
         b.  a decrease in the price level reducing the real value of wealth.
         c.  an increase in wealth due to capital gains.
         d.  a decrease in wealth due to capital gains.
         e.  an increase in disposable income due to a reduction in taxes.
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.1.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve
  19.  An increase in the price level that reduces the real value of wealth is likely to __________ consumption and __________ saving.
         a.  increase; increase
         b.  decrease; decrease
         c.  decrease; increase
         d.  increase; decrease
         e.  have no effect on; have no effect on
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.1.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve  MSC: Understanding
  20.  A fall in the price level that causes a change in the real value of wealth results in:
         a.  a downward movement along the aggregate demand curve.
         b.  an upward movement along the aggregate demand curve.
         c.  a rightward shift of the demand curve.
         d.  a leftward shift of the demand curve.
         e.  no change in the quantity of aggregate demand.
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.1.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve  MSC: Understanding
  21.  If prices fall, then real wealth __________ and the quantity of aggregate demand __________.
         a.  increases; increases
         b.  increases; decreases
         c.  decreases; decreases
         d.  decreases; increases
         e.  is unaffected; is unaffected
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.1.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve  MSC: Applying
  22.  When a change in the price level leads to a change in saving, this is known as the:
         a.  wealth effect.
         b.  international trade effect.
         c.  savings effect.
         d.  interest rate effect.
         e.  output effect.
I.A.2.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve 
  23.  When a change in the price level leads to a change in the interest rate and thus a change in the quantity of aggregate demand, it is called the:
         a.  interest rate effect.
         b.  wealth effect.
         c.  savings effect.
         d.  output effect.
         e.  price effect.
I.A.2.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve 
  24.  The interest rate effect results from people:
         a.  saving less when the price level rises.
         b.  consuming more when the price level rises.
         c.  spending more when the interest rate rises.
         d.  feeling more wealthy when the price level rises.
         e.  spending more when the price level falls.
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.2.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve 
  25.  When firms invest less because people are saving less, it is called the:
         a.  wealth effect.
         b.  international trade effect.
         c.  interest rate effect.
         d.  savings effect.
         e.  investment effect.
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.2.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve 
  26.  According to the interest rate effect, an increase in the price level leads to __________ in the interest rate, and therefore to __________ in the quantity of aggregate demand.
         a.  no change; no change
         b.  a rise; a fall
         c.  a rise; a rise
         d.  a fall; a fall
         e.  a fall; a rise
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.2.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve  MSC: Understanding
  27.  Suppose that an increase in the price level reduces the value of real wealth, which then causes a reduction in consumption but no change in saving. In this case:
         a.  there is both an interest rate effect and a wealth effect.
         b.  there is no wealth effect.
         c.  there is an interest rate effect but no wealth effect.
         d.  there is a wealth effect but no interest rate effect.
         e.  there is no wealth effect and no interest rate effect.
DIF: Difficult  TOP: II.A.2.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve     MSC: Understanding
  28.  When saving declines, the quantity of investment will __________, and therefore aggregate demand will __________.
         a.  increase; increase
         b.  decrease; decrease
         c.  decrease; increase
         d.  increase; decrease
         e.  remain unchanged; decrease
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.2.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve MSC: Applying
  29.  A rise in the price level that leads to a change in the interest rate, and therefore to a change in the quantity of aggregate demand, will cause:
         a.  an upward movement along the aggregate demand curve.
         b.  a downward movement along the aggregate demand curve.
         c.  a rightward shift of the aggregate demand curve.
         d.  a leftward shift of the aggregate demand curve.
         e.  no change in the quantity of aggregate demand.
DIF: Difficult  TOP: II.A.2.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve  MSC: Applying
  30.  When a change in the price level leads to a change in the quantity of net exports demanded, it is called the:
         a.  international trade effect.
         b.  export effect.
         c.  import effect.
         d.  net export effect.
         e.  interest rate effect.
I.A.3.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve 
  31.  When U.S. goods become more expensive relative to foreign goods, exports will __________ and imports will __________.
         a.  decrease; decrease
         b.  increase; increase
         c.  increase; decrease
         d.  decrease; increase
         e.  decrease; be unaffected
I.A.3.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve  MSC: Understanding
  32.  When the price level rises and U.S. goods become relatively more expensive than foreign goods, there will be:
         a.  a rightward shift of the aggregate demand curve.
         b.  a leftward shift of the aggregate demand curve.
         c.  an upward movement along the aggregate demand curve.
         d.  a downward movement along the aggregate demand curve.
         e.  a downward movement along the aggregate supply curve.
DIF: Medium TOP: II.A.3.
REF: The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve  MSC: Applying
  33.  Shifts in the aggregate demand curve are caused by:
         a.  the wealth effect.
         b.  the interest rate effect.
         c.  money illusion.
         d.  changes in labor productivity.
         e.  changes in spending.
I.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
  34.  Suppose the majority of students who are graduating in May from a large university have found jobs and signed employment contracts by February. Starting in February, these students are likely to __________ spending and __________ saving.
         a.  increase; increase
         b.  decrease; decrease
         c.  decrease; increase
         d.  increase; decrease
         e.  not change their rate of; not change their rate of
I.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Understanding
  35.  You read in the paper that there has been a significant increase in the consumer confidence index. Having taken an economics class, you predict that spending in the economy will __________ and aggregate demand will __________.
         a.  decrease; increase
         b.  decrease; decrease
         c.  increase; be unaffected
         d.  increase; decrease
         e.  increase; increase
I.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  36.  When median home prices rise, the value of real wealth __________ and aggregate demand __________.
         a.  increases; is unaffected
         b.  increases; increases
         c.  increases; decreases
         d.  decreases; decreases
         e.  is unaffected; is unaffected
I.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  37.  If people expect higher income in the future, then spending today __________ and aggregate demand __________.
         a.  increases; is unaffected
         b.  increases; increases
         c.  increases; decreases
         d.  decreases; decreases
         e.  is unaffected; is unaffected
I.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  38.  An increase in the value of the dollar will __________ exports and __________ imports.
         a.  increase; increase
         b.  decrease; decrease
         c.  have no effect on; have no effect on
         d.  decrease; increase
         e.  increase; decrease
I.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  39.  When foreign income rises, U.S. aggregate:
         a.  demand will shift to the right.
         b.  supply will shift to the right.
         c.  demand will shift to the left.
         d.  supply will shift to the left.
         e.  demand and aggregate supply will be unaffected.
DIF: Medium TOP: II.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  40.  An increase in the value of the dollar will:
         a.  have no effect on aggregate demand or supply.
         b.  decrease aggregate supply.
         c.  increase aggregate supply.
         d.  increase aggregate demand.
         e.  decrease aggregate demand.
DIF: Medium TOP: II.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  41.  __________ would cause a rightward shift of the aggregate demand curve.
         a.  A decrease in the expected price level
         b.  A decrease in foreign income
         c.  An increase in expected income
         d.  A decrease in real wealth
         e.  An increase in the value of the dollar
DIF: Medium TOP: II.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  42.  __________ would cause a leftward shift of the aggregate demand curve.
         a.  An increase in real wealth
         b.  An increase in expected income
         c.  A decrease in foreign income
         d.  An increase in the expected price level
         e.  A decrease in the value of the dollar
DIF: Medium TOP: II.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  43.  If large emerging economies continue to grow rapidly, we can expect U.S. aggregate:
         a.  demand to increase.
         b.  demand to decrease.
         c.  supply to increase.
         d.  supply to decrease.
         e.  demand and supply to be unaffected.
DIF: Medium TOP: II.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  44.  You read a study that predicts that rising oil prices projected for this summer are certain to fuel inflation. Having taken an economics class, due to this expected change in prices, you predict that spending today will _________ and aggregate demand today will _________.
         a.  be unaffected; be unaffected
         b.  increase; increase
         c.  decrease; decrease
         d.  decrease; increase
         e.  increase; decrease
DIF: Difficult  TOP: II.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  45.  Which of the following would shift aggregate demand to the right?
         a.  College graduates are having a difficult time finding jobs.
         b.  There is a decline in consumer confidence.
         c.  Stock market values increase by 20%.
         d.  A fall in the price level increases the value of real wealth.
         e.  The value of the dollar increases.
DIF: Difficult  TOP: II.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  46.  Which of the following would shift aggregate demand to the left?
         a.  A study predicts that the recent drought will increase food prices this winter.
         b.  There is a rise in the median price of houses.
         c.  A rise in the price level reduces saving and increases interest rates.
         d.  The value of the dollar increases.
         e.  The European Union emerges from recession.
DIF: Difficult  TOP: II.B.
REF: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
MSC: Applying
  47.  Input prices affect the firm’s _________, and output prices affect the firm’s _________.
         a.  revenue; costs
         b.  costs; costs
         c.  costs; revenue
         d.  revenue; revenue
         e.  decisions in the short run but not in the long run; decisions in the long run but not in the short run
II.
REF: What Is Aggregate Supply?
  48.  Aggregate demand is about _________ and aggregate supply is about _________.
         a.  income; spending
         b.  spending; production
         c.  production; spending
         d.  production; income
         e.  saving; profit
II.
REF: What Is Aggregate Supply?
  49.  Aggregate supply describes a relationship between:
         a.  spending and income.
         b.  output and prices.
         c.  costs and revenue.
         d.  spending and output.
         e.  spending and prices.
II.
REF: What Is Aggregate Supply?
  50.  When decision makers have time to fully adjust to changes in the overall price level, we refer to this as:
         a.  the short run.
         b.  the long run.
         c.  short-run equilibrium.
         d.  a period of time longer than one year.
         e.  equilibrium.
II.
REF: What Is Aggregate Supply?
  51.  The long run is best defined as a period of time such that:
         a.  more than one year has passed.
         b.  more than five years have passed.
         c.  some prices have adjusted.
         d.  all prices have adjusted.
         e.  all firms are maximizing profit.
II.
REF: What Is Aggregate Supply?
  52.  When prices in the economy have not fully adjusted, we say that:
         a.  we are in the short run.
         b.  we are in the long run.
         c.  it is a period of time less than one year.
         d.  it is a period of time less than five years.
         e.  the market is not in equilibrium.
II.
REF: What Is Aggregate Supply?
  53.  Which of the following is true about the price level and aggregate supply?
         a.  The price level influences aggregate supply in both the long run and short run.
         b.  The price level influences aggregate supply in the long run but not in the short run.
         c.  The price level influences aggregate supply in the short run but not in the long run.
         d.  The price level never impacts aggregate supply.
         e.  There is no clear relationship between the price level and aggregate supply.
II.
REF: What Is Aggregate Supply?
  54.  Which of the following is true?
         a.  Long-run aggregate supply is independent of the price level.
         b.  Short-run aggregate supply is independent of the price level.
         c.  Long-run aggregate supply is positively related to the price level.
         d.  Short-run aggregate supply is inversely related to the price level.
         e.  Long-run aggregate supply is inversely related to the price level.
DIF: Medium TOP: III.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
  55.  In the long run, the output of an economy:
         a.  does not grow.
         b.  grows at a positive rate.
         c.  depends on aggregate demand.
         d.  is equal to full employment output.
         e.  depends on the price level.
II.A.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
  56.  Shifts in the long-run aggregate supply curve are caused by:
         a.  changes in labor productivity.
         b.  the wealth effect.
         c.  supply shocks.
         d.  changes in spending.
         e.  the interest rate effect.
II.A.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
  57.  The long-run aggregate supply curve is:
         a.  vertical because full employment output is independent of the price level.
         b.  upward sloping because the economy grows over time.
         c.  horizontal because full employment output is independent of the price level.
         d.  upward sloping because as the price level rises, firms will increase output.
         e.  downward sloping because rising prices reduce real wealth and spending.
II.A.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
  58.  The long-run aggregate supply curve is:
         a.  vertical at the level of full employment output.
         b.  horizontal at the going-price level.
         c.  illustrating a positive relationship between price and output.
         d.  illustrating a negative relationship between price and output.
         e.  the same as the short-run aggregate supply curve.
II.A.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
  59.  The long-run output of an economy depends on:
         a.  the level of spending.
         b.  the level of unemployment.
         c.  the level of inflation.
         d.  the level of aggregate demand.
         e.  resources, technology, and institutions.
II.A.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
  60.  In the long run, a technological advance that improves communication can be expected to _________ labor productivity and _________ unemployment.
         a.  have no effect on; have no effect on
         b.  increase; decrease
         c.  increase; increase
         d.  increase; have no effect on
         e.  decrease; increase
DIF: Medium TOP: III.A.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
MSC: Understanding
  61.  A rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve means there has been:
         a.  a decrease in the unemployment rate.
         b.  an increase in the unemployment rate.
         c.  an increase in the price level.
         d.  a decrease in the price level.
         e.  economic growth.
II.A.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
MSC: Applying
  62.  When an economy experiences economic growth:
         a.  the long-run aggregate supply curve is unaffected.
         b.  the long-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the right.
         c.  the long-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the left.
         d.  the aggregate demand curve shifts to the left.
         e.  the short-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the left.
II.A.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
MSC: Applying
  63.  New computer technologies can be expected to:
         a.  increase long-run aggregate supply.
         b.  increase the price level.
         c.  increase the unemployment rate.
         d.  decrease aggregate demand.
         e.  decrease aggregate supply.
II.A.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
MSC: Applying
  64.  Which of the following would cause an increase in long-run aggregate supply?
         a.  The price level increases.
         b.  The price level decreases.
         c.  Firms and workers expect the price level to fall.
         d.  Firms and workers expect the price level to rise.
         e.  The stock of capital increases.
II.A.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
MSC: Applying
  65.  If the price level rises by 10%, then all else being equal, the long-run quantity of aggregate supply will:
         a.  increase by 10%.
         b.  decrease by 10%.
         c.  remain unchanged.
         d.  increase by more than 10%.
         e.  increase by less than 10%.
DIF: Medium TOP: III.A.
REF: Long-Run Aggregate Supply
MSC: Applying
  66.  If the price level falls by 5%, then all else being equal, the long-run aggregate supply curve will:
         a.  remain unchanged.
         b.  shift to the right to reflect an increase in output of 5%.
         c.  shift to the right to reflect an increase in output of more than 5%.
         d.  shift to the left to reflect a decrease in output of 5%.
         e.  shift to the left to reflect a decrease in output of

MSU Working Hard Is Well Paying Job After Sometime Discussion Replies

I need your response to 5 discussion posts:Read “Selling Manure” by Bonnie Jo Campbell (27-29) and “How I Lost the Junior Miss Pageant” by Cindy Bosley (31-34) and answer the following questions.:CampbellBosleyHere the discussions:Campbell1. The main idea of Campbell’s essay is to not be so judgmental in looking at other people’s professions. Campbell influences others to take pride in their professions, everyone’s job is important and someone has to do them so why not take pride in it.2. The detailed description gives a more vivid idea of the conditions the narrator was working through. She used the barn, heat, and the dogs to describe the sense of sight and heat. As she continued to work in the heat she enjoyed progress that she made and she took pride into what she was working on.3. Campbell creates public resonance by having the narrator initially embarrassed doing her job. As time went on the narrator became prouder of her profession. The narrator states that the job was liberating after a period of time because even though the job was embarrassing at first she still had a product that other people needed.Bosley1. The main idea of Bosley’s essay is that you should be who you want to be, you don’t have to live up to anyone’s standards.2. Bosley makes her essay matter to someone who doesn’t care about pageants by comparing it to society. In society everyone is judging you and everyone is held to a standard but in reality everyone should be themselves and shouldn’t have to be held to any standard.3. Initially Bosley’s writer voice is more on the judgmental side but towards the end she becomes more aggressive. For example, Bosley states “It’s a contest no one should want to win. Our mothers should not have such dreams for us. Our mothers should not have such loneliness.” She is describing the pain that goes behind the scenes of pageants and which could also be compared to society as in how everyone is held to a standard.”Selling Manure” by Bonnie Jo Campbell1) In Campbell’s essay, “Selling Manure”, the less than obvious main idea is the value of hard work, especially hard work in a less desirable job. This can be proven by her initial reluctance to perform these tasks before easing in and deciding that she enjoys this work, saying she feels “revived”.2) The barn animals serve a much greater purpose than just keeping the narrator company. These animals may have been part of what helped the narrator ease into this hard work. At the same time, the unusual heat drives the narrator to work even harder. These details not only add to the picture, but also add to the narrative in how the narrator learned the value of hard work.3) The perfect example of public resonance in this essay is the section of the essay in which the narrator delivers the manure to customers (paragraphs 6-9). Initially, the narrator describes feeling nervous about the whole ordeal, citing that they were delivering in more affluent neighborhoods. Anyone would feel somewhat embarrassed or nervous if they found themselves in a more higher-class setting than what their used to, but then, like the narrator in this essay, would gradually feel more comfortable, and maybe feel successful, just like the narrator did.”How I Lost the Junior Miss Pageant” by Cindy Bosley1) You should never feel pressured to be beautiful, and your parents most definitely should not pressure you to be beautiful.2) She takes note of all the downsides of beauty pageants, including the coaching, and the strict guidelines she humorously lists at the end.3) I would say that this essay has a somewhat comedic voice. In lines such as “mother’s never-subtle hints that if I’d just lose 20 pounds boys would like me and I might even win a beauty contest”, “performed, not in swimsuits, but in short-shorts and white T shirts, Hooters-style”, and the entire list of women’s flaws that lose points in a beauty contest, the Narrator adds humor to a serious story about realizing the limitations of living in a poor class community and having a desperately lonely mother.Campbell“This experience has made me reflect on the idea of work in general. Any job is an important job, whether it is selling manure or selling insurance. People should take pride in what they do, and not assume that a low-paying job or a dirty job makes them second class citizens. And even the smelliest job has its rewards”(Campbell 28).She relates what she learned to the lives of every working person, the idea that no matter what one may do for a living or how they do it, it is worth the while. Even if it’s the most crude task out there, the job is helping someone. With this, readers are able to connect and reflect on their jobs, as well as other’s jobs, and think about them a little differently than before.Bosley“I’d lost the contest in my growingly cynical evaluation of Miss America as I’d gotten older– ‘chubby thighs touching, minus five points,’ ‘big hair, minus three points,’ ‘too small nipples, minus two,’ ‘flabby arms, minus 5,’ and subtract and subtract and subtract. It’s a contest no one should want to win. Our mothers should not have such dreams for us”(Bosley 34).In these three sentences, Bosley includes an earlier humorous part of her article, the deduction of points from the supermodels on TV that she used to do as a child. While it was more lighthearted then, Bosley began to turn it around on herself, brining in the darker more forlorn side of her writing style. What once was an amusing activity for her now is making her feel bad about herself. That reflects the idea that she includes the elements of comedy throughout her writing, but also uses those same elements to act as a channel into the more gloomy parts of her life.Campbell1. The main idea is that even jobs that are not the most favorable can still bring rewards and fulfillment to ones self worth and identity. It goes much deeper then just shoveling manure it’s taking pride in what you do and recognizing every job serves a purpose and you can help in that purpose.2. The barn, the dogs, and the heat all figure into the main idea because they all serve a purpose in the story. For example Campbell detailed how the dogs provided her great company, she also detailed that due to the heat her mother was providing her ice tea that she greatly appreciated. These detailed descriptions give us a better understand of how the writer feels and also a better visual understanding of what the writer is expressing.3. Campbell creates public resonance by making it a point to share that in a sense we all are selling manure, weather we sell build, move or spin a line of bull over the phone. This allows her to drive the point home that we all can relate to the job she is doing and it also allows her to express the freedom of knowing that what she is doing isn’t any different then what others are doing in a different line of work.Bosley1. The main idea of Bosley’s essay is that our dreams should be our own.2. Bosley makes her essay matter to someone who doesn’t care about pageants because the essay can apply to any pressure or demands one feels from society, family and even them personally. This is something everyone can relate to even if they have not been in a beauty pageant.3. Bosley tone is personal I feel, she uses lot’s of intimate details about her personal life and feelings. She allows the reader to know things that some people would not be comfortable sharing. For example she shared how she felt her mom thought of her appearances ” she already knew I wasn’t tall enough or pretty enough.” Another example of this is “I would always be too chubby and too backward.” Another reference given was this sentence ” After my mothers never subtle hints that if I’d lose 20 pounds boys would like me and I might even win a beauty contest.” These statements are so personal and so invasive to the writer and the fact she is willing to share these intimate opinions and thoughts leave me to think the tone is very much personal.Campbell:The main idea of “Selling Manure” by Bonnie Jo Campbell is to take pride in what you do. This idea is obvious in Campbell’s passage because even though selling manure isn’t the most glamorous job, the author is happy and takes pride in their business and what they do for others. The detailed description in the passage explain how dirty the job is, but also how enjoying it was. Campbell found company in the barn with the horses and dogs and it was easy to let her mind wandering and rejoin the living. Campbell creates public resonance when she says that any job is important. No matter how gross the job is many people benefit from the service, so the people doing that job are just as important to society as someone working in an clean office.Bosley:The main idea of Cindy Bosley’s “How I Lost the Junior Miss Pageant” is that you should be yourself. Instead of degrading yourself and trying to conform to societies standards you should love yourself for who you are. Bosley makes her essay matter to everyone with the bigger picture. The message is about self-love rather then the pageant. It’s about a girl comparing herself to others, and people being judged based on appearances. Bosley’s voice in the beginning of the passage in hypercritical. She sits and watches the pageants only to judge the contestants, and add or subtract points for their appearance, such as “…an extra point for being tan, a loss of points for sucking up…” Her nitpicking continues as she explains her mother’s wish is for her to win a pageant even though she “…wasn’t tall enough or pretty enough…” and through the end when she lost “…in borrowed shoes and an out-of-date dress.” 

Understanding diversity | English homework help

 
After reading chapter 5 of the textbook, complete this activity. You have learned about the skill of understanding and managing diversity – what it is, why it is important, and how to improve your skill in these areas.
Answer the questions below in comprehensive, complete sentences. Do not provide brief answers. Instead, compose at least 4-5 full sentences (i.e., a complete paragraph) that answer each of the posed thought-provoking discussions.

Explain the difference between valuing and managing diversity and provide examples for each. Show how communication affects this process.      
Using a variety of concepts that were introduced in your chapter, identify, define and explain the one or two areas regarding understanding or managing diversity in which you are the strongest.      
Using a variety of concepts that were introduced in your chapter, identify, define and explain the one or two areas of understanding or managing diversity in which you need more improvement.      
If you did not change or improve in this area, discuss how it would affect your personal and professional life.      
Identify, define and explain one barrier to accepting diversity that you experienced/observed and discuss how you would address it.      
Select one of the five dimensions of cross-cultural differences. Explain the meaning and offer a specific example to show how it impacts cross-cultural communication (from your own experiences, or from what you learned through your research).      
Name individual diversity strategies discussed in your chapter. Select one and explain how you might apply it moving forward to help gain awareness and improve your ability to understand and relate to others.      
Think back on the questions and identify a few that were more difficult to complete than others. Explain why.      
What did you learn about yourself in this exercise?

Please remember that your task is to not only write your own assessment, but to show that you are able to draw connections between your readings and your reflection. Use concepts and theories from the appropriate chapters, explain your understanding of their application, and show how they help you understand yourself. Remember to cite properly in-text (Author, YEAR) and at the end of your reflection with a fully formatted APA reference.

Introductin to Music Research Project Paper

Task: To compose a biography of a rock artist, or band with specific parameters that you might be given if your bio were to be published in Rolling Stone, or a similar magazine. A. Source Material: You are required to use at least two credible websites to source the information for your biography. You will need to use an additional website to source and cite a photograph of your rock ‘n’ roll artist, or band. (minimum 3 sources!)B. BIOGRAPHY: Select a rock ‘n’ roll band, or solo artist (not a DJ!) and, in your own words write a biography. You must use at least two credible websites to source the information for each of the points listed in the criteria below to include in your bio. Your bio must be a minimum of 400 words, and no longer than 600 words to replicate what you might read in a popular music magazine. Your bio must read smoothly (not just a list of points) and promote the style of a popular music magazine. Consider me the editor deciding whether, or not, to publish your submitted biography.Biography Criteria (45 points) – Your bio MUST include:1. The name of your chosen band, or artist on a title page. (1)2. A photograph of your chosen band, or artist on the title page. (2)3. Where your band / artist is from? (6) Be sure to include:(a) city/town,(b) state, and(c) country4. List (a) the official members of the band and (b) the instrument they each play? (4)5. What year did your band, or artist form as a musical entity? (2)6. Provide a general overview of your band / artist including their genre. (10)7. What was/is (a) the most popular period for your band / artist? And (b) why? (4)8. Provide career highlights and details of 2 charting singles, or albums. (8)9. Provide an anecdote (i.e: not a commonly known fact) about your band / artist. (4)10. In one to two sentences explain why you chose this band, or artist to research. (4)C. BIBLIOGRAPHY (5 points)Create a bibliography for the online sources (including photograph) you used to compose your bio. The style of bibliography (MLA, APA, or Chicago) is up to you, but each citation must include the hyperlink to referenced page.

Term paper history with sample paper

 
1.  Urban Pollution
2.  Big Stick Abroad
3.  When Johnny Comes Marching Home
4.  The Bonus Army Invades Washington
5.  The G. I. Bill of Rights
6.  A Good Way to Pick a Fight
7.  Letter from a Birmingham Jail
8.  Coming of Age in Mississippi
9.  The Feminist Mystique (Excerpt)
10.  The Legacy of Vietnam
11.  Out of Gas
In addition to the exams, all students will be required to write two three-page term papers on articles that they must read on their own. You must choose one article to read for each paper. The term papers should be typed and double spaced, using a Times New Roman font of 12.  There should be a title page and one-inch margins should be utilized throughout the paper.  Students will be given a list of articles to choose from that will be posted in the class website.  All of these articles in the list can be found in the American Perspectives E-Reader.  You must not use other sources to write these papers.  These papers must be submitted as Microsoft Word file attachments in the Assignments page of the class website by July 19 and July 26.  I will not accept any papers that are sent to me by e-mail.  I will not accept any late assignments or extra credit work.  In regard to the term papers, students need to discuss what is the article about, what is the author trying to argue, and what are your thoughts.  I will not accept any late work. Also, please make sure to use Microsoft Word when you type your papers.  If any other word processing program is utilized, I may not be able to open your file and grade your work.  Unless I indicate otherwise, I take off one point for each error that I see and that includes grammar, punctuation, spelling, errors in spacing and incorrect margins.  I also do not want to see any quotes or quotations in any paper that is turned in to me. I take off two points for each quote that I see in a paper.  Also plagiarism will not be tolerated. Anyone committing this offense will be given an F in their paper. Any paper that you turn in to me must be written entirely in your own words. 

Auditing Determining Appropriate Services Discussion

What if a client approaches you with an engagement request that you are not sure your CPA firm provides? Knowing which services are offered and how they are performed helps to ensure you provide your clients with the services they need.You are approached by the Emerald Production Company management to review and analyze their customer satisfaction trends over the past 5 years. This assurance service would tell management if their suspicions were correct in that customer satisfaction has been declining, especially in the past 2 years. Management currently evaluates customer satisfaction based on customer retention and sales increases. While management sends out surveys via mail and email to customers, response rates are very low. Management does not consider the survey responses to be an accurate representation of their customer service. In fact, only customers with negative feedback are the ones who respond.Just do response each posted down below only.Posted 1 Hello all!CPA’s offer many services and assurance services is one. These services help to improve the effectiveness of the quality of information provided to help management make decisions. As for guidance, a CPA would turn to AICPA’s Assurance Standards Executive Committee. To name a few standards that must be followed would be professional standard, positive attitude and communication skills. There is not a particular report for assurance services. However, I would use an analytical report that would show the research on how to handle the customers in a management perspective. The report will also contain market conditions and different skills such as attentiveness, attitude, and so on.Posted 2 Hello Class,CPAs provide assurance services to improve the effectiveness of quality information that could help management in making decisions. For this type of service, the CPAs follow AICPA’s Assurance Standards Executive Committee to obtain data that involves in evaluation and analysis of the company’s information to identify the necessary requirements to result in the highest benefits (Whittington & Pany, 2016, p. 766). In other words, quality assurance includes the steps that help to prevent problems, increase performance, reliability, and better to understand customers, etc.The standards that we need to follow in this case are the criteria in measuring the customer care level and monitor the client’s performance. This includes customer service satisfaction, product and service quality, customers’ reliability and opinion, sales, and many more. In order to have a solution, auditors need to collect data through surveys, focus on groups, and area, etc. Then analyze the information to come up with solutions.For assurance service, there isn’t a particular format report like for an audit. In fact, there may or may not need to issue a report or just a simple report. The issuance report is based on different circumstances to provide information. For Emerald Production Company, the report should include “the representation of the subject matter on customer satisfaction would most likely include the criteria describing the way in which customer satisfaction was defined and measured” (Whittington & Pany, 2016, p. 771).Posted 3. Good morning classmates,

Absenteeism for Poor Students Sociology Project Paper

Week 15 – Final Project OverviewFor the final project, students will have the choice of either writing a final paper using the five approved peer-reviewed journal articles as sources on the topic or creating a PowerPoint with video presentation on the topic using the five approved peer-reviewed journal articles as sources. The paper would be a minimum of three full pages in length and the presentation would be approximately ten minutes in length. The in-text citations and references should be in ASA format for either option.After completing this module, students should be able to: Interpret sociological research about poverty presented in peer-reviewed academic journals Synthesize sociological research about poverty presented in peer-reviewed journals into a cohesive understanding of their topic Produce a presentation or paper that effectively communicates the sociological research on their topic to others Develop confidence and self-efficacy based on having completed rigorous academic workInstructionsIn the second week of Module 2, you will schedule a virtual meeting with your instructor for a mutually-agreeable time during the first week of Module 3. You should come to that meeting with some ideas about topics related to poverty that interest you and that you would want to complete the final project on. During the meeting, we will work together to flesh out your idea and you will be approved to start the second part of the project.I recommend that you begin searching for peer-reviewed journal articles to use as sources during Module 6. Do not leave this until the last minute. You want to find good articles that you can use to build your work, not to struggle to shoehorn in five random articles that were the first ones you found. Be sure to download the full PDF of each article you want to use from JSTOR as you will have to submit the full PDF for my review in Module 9. I will then approve or disapprove each article. An approved article can be used for the final project. If one of your articles is not approved, the problems with the article will be explained and you will need to find a different article to replace it. Finally, you will use your approved peer-reviewed journal articles to craft either a paper or PowerPoint with presentation about the topic you were approved to research.Once you have submitted your Final Project, you will be able to post in the Final Project Discussion, the End-of-Semester Thoughts Discussion and the Learning AFTER This Semester Discussion. If you post in all three Discussions, you will get extra points towards your final Discussions grade!ic)

Tools to Help Us Manage Risk in Engineering Projects and Operations Discussion

We are here to learn some tools to help us manage risk in engineering projects and operations….we will explicitly spend some time on both during the rest of the course.Let’s start with a review of the “Big Three” keys to risk management:-What can go wrong? (This is where we focus on identifying risks)-How likely is the failure to happen? (risk assessment and probability….both qualitative and quantitative)-What is the consequence of the failure? (more risk assessment)As leaders/managers we seek to understand these things as we plan or projects/operations. Once we understand the risks that are most impactful to the likelihood of meeting our objectives (IMPORTANT NOTE….you can’t do any of this without understanding and defining a set of objectives!), we then seek to minimize the probability and our reduce the consequence (impact is another good word) of the “bad” event. RISK MANAGEMENT IS FUNDAMENTALLY A PLANNING TOOL!There are five process groups to a project:-Initiating-Planning-Executing-Closing-Monitoring and ControllingThis is a simple yet important point, our risk management activities are heavily focused in project planning processes. All but “Monitor & Control Risks” fall into the project planning lane. Hopefully it is obvious that Monitor and Control Risks falls into the project Monitoring and Controlling process lane.While I don’t mind which of the several different RM processes you use, I will stick with the Project Management Institute’s PM Body of Knowledge for these notes and lectures (I have provided some of the other approaches in slide decks in the Course Documents tab)So what are our processes:-Plan RM-Identify Risks-Perform Qualitative Analysis-Perform Quantitative Analysis-Plan Risk Response-Monitor and Control RisksSo going back to the big picture….why do projects fail (we will cover why operations fail much more specifically later in in the course). In our text, we identify three reason, which each have many sublayers to them:1. The project is impossible (think technology)2. Project is overconstrained (not enough time or resources)3. Incompetent managementAs a manager, you need to be able to deal with all three of these in the planning process…even if it means canceling or rethinking the requirements of a project.Next week we will cover Risk Planning in detail, but for this week, your discussion assignment is as follows:**From your personal history or another source (internet, newspaper, book etc) identify a project that failed and talk very briefly about why? I am looking for 250 words or less. Think of it as if you were talking through it with a CEO in an elevator in order to get his or her attention to this type of failure.

Crj 301 | Law homework help

Please do not plagiarize. If you can rephrase the example to where it is not plagiarize that would be ok but it will be checked.
 
Treatment versus Punishment: That is the Question!
When looking at the relationship between social justice and juvenile justice, there are two overarching concepts when addressing juvenile delinquency treatment and punishment. These two concepts have driven a cycle of changes in the juvenile justice system over the years. Your task is to support your premise that your state or city should either implement a philosophy of treatment or punishment for juvenile offenders for a specific crime or criminal justice issue identified in your paper.
Explain the differences between the treatment and punishment concepts. Build the case for which one you believe has the stronger position based on your research and the crime or criminal justice issue you selected to study.
Review the juvenile crime statistics between three cities or states in three different parts of the country (e.g., Boston, Chicago, and Seattle) for a crime or criminal justice issue. Incorporate a graphic display to present your findings. Be sure to include at least three demographic items, such as gender, ethnicity, race, education, or socio-economic status, in your analysis. Ensure you standardize your data (i.e., 1:1000; 1:10,000; or 1: 100,000) and incorporate the scale in a key for each chart.
Identify the prevailing thought in the city or state: Is it treatment or punishment? Analyze the differences in the recidivism rates between the cities or states you have selected? Is recidivism the best indicator of success or failure or should we use a different indicator?
In Chapters 2 and 3 of the text, our author addresses biological, psychological and sociological theories to help explain juvenile delinquency. Evaluate which of these theories would best support your thesis.
Support which juvenile justice intervention strategy would be effective to counter the crime or criminal justice issue based on your research?
Conclude with a summary of which concept (treatment or punishment) best supports the over arching concept of social justice?
The paper must be ten to twelve pages in length and formatted according to APA style. You must use at least six scholarly resources (at least four of which must be found in the Ashford Online Library) other than the textbook to support your claims. Cite your sources within the text of your paper and on the reference page. For information regarding APA, including samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center, located within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar.
Writing the Final PaperThe Final Paper:
Must be ten to twelve double-spaced pages in length, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
Must use at least six scholarly resources, including a minimum of four from the Ashford University Library.
Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

6-2 milestone 3 system requirements

6-2 Milestone 3 System Requirements
Submit your system requirements. The system requirements model is to be submitted as a Word document that is a combination of sections: a requirements model, a data process model, a data flow diagram, a data dictionary, an object model, and a use case diagram. Copy the image of your diagram into your Word document and include text to ensure that the diagram has proper context within the overall system requirements model through written explanations. Your audience is IT management and the IT project team.
 
Note that the course project intent is to introduce students to an entire systems analyst process. Each milestone is fairly significant in size if performing an actual project. For the intended learning and exposure to the course project topics, please know that assumptions will have to be made and that any such assumptions should be documented.
 
For additional details, please refer to the Final Project Document and the Milestone Three Guidelines and Rubric document in the Assignment Guidelines and Rubrics section of the course.
 
ALSO WATCH THIS VIDEO FOR THE RIGHT CITATIONS AND REFERENCES FORMAT.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzKlb7E7ERc
 CITATIONS AND REFERENCES IS VERY VERY IMPOTANT
 
IT 510 Milestone Three Guidelines and Rubric
You will submit your system requirements. The system requirements model is to be submitted as a Word document that is a combination of sections: a requirements model, a data process model, a data flow diagram, a data dictionary, an object model, and a use case diagram. Copy the image of your diagram into your Word document and include text to ensure that the diagram has proper context within the overall system requirements model through written explanations. Your audience is IT management and the IT project team.
 
Specifically the following critical elements must be addressed:
II. System Requirements: Detail the specific requirements of your case. Be sure to include screenshots of all relevant diagrams, charts, and tables.
    a) Requirements Modeling: Assess the current system to identify the requirements for the new system. Be sure to address each of the following aspects: outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and controls (i.e., security).
     b) Data Process Model: Create a visual representation of all relevant data processes that represents a logical model of the requirements of the system based on the systems development life cycle.
     c) Data Flow Diagram: Create a visual representation of the data flow based on the systems development life cycle.
     d) Data Dictionary: Create a data dictionary that annotates your system requirements to build clarity in communicating with the relevant audiences.
     e) Object Modeling: Use appropriate object modeling techniques and tools to describe the system requirements.
     f) Use Case Diagrams: Create (a) use case diagram(s) that outline the system requirements based on the systems development life cycle.
 
Guidelines for Submission: Milestone Three should follow these formatting guidelines: 4–6 pages, double-spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and citations in APA.
 
 
Instructor Feedback: This activity uses an integrated rubric in Blackboard. Students can view instructor feedback in the Grade Center. For more information, review
 
PLEASE ONLY TEACHERS WHO TRULY REALLY KNOW THEY CAN COMPLETE THIS JOB SHOULD ACCEPT THE AGREEMENT BECAUSE I WILL NOT BE HAPPY IF YOU WRITE TO ME LAST MUNITE AND ILL NEVER SIGN ANT AGREEMENT WITH YOU AGAIN EVEN IF YOU ARE THE ONLY ONE BIDDING FOR MY WORK.ONLY SINCERE AND SERIOUS TUTORS.THANK YOU VERY MUCH