What does this link tell you about the geography of Russia?  Why do you think people would live in such a harsh environment?

The coldest city in the world is located in Russia.  Read the article, captions, and flip through the picture on the link below.  What is the name of the coldest city in the world?  Which sub-region according to the audio PowerPoint lecture of Russia is it located in?  What does this link tell you about the geography of Russia?  Why do you think people would live in such a harsh environment?

identify the appropriate criminal code for your state for burglary and larceny

Assignment: In at least one (1) page, for this writing assignment, find the criminal code in your state (or a state of your choosing) for burglary and larceny (theft). Cite the appropriate criminal code(s) in your state and identify the elements of the offenses that as an investigator you would need to prove beyond a reasonable doubt in a court. Discuss the differences between these two types of offenses. Include in your paper the types of investigative skills and techniques that you think you would need to employ to prove those elements.

For your writing assignment:

(1) identify the appropriate criminal code for your state for burglary and larceny (NOTE – There are usually different levels of burglary and larceny – you may pick ONE level of each type for this paper) Be sure to include a citation for your source;

POTENTIAL SOURCE for STATE CRIMINAL CODES: https://www.law.cornell.edu/states/listing (Links to an external site.)

(2) discusses the differences between the elements of these two type of offenses;

(3) identify AT LEAST ONE investigative tool or technique that you think would be critical to solving these types of cases and explain why it is important; and

(4) do you believe burglary and larceny (theft) investigations require more expertise than other types of criminal investigations or can any general investigator conduct a thorough burglary or larceny investigation, support your answer.

Submission Requirements

• APA Style elements required
• Separate Title Page with Name, class, date and topic/title
• At least one (1) page of your writing on this topic that includes using in-text citations
• 12 point font
• Times New Roman or Arial
• Separate Reference Page – List detailed source information for all references

What is your opinion of this intelligence gathering method?  What are the Pros and Cons?

Case Study – Chapter 1

Read the Operation Thumbs Down Case study on Page 8 of the text.  How do the methods used by the police agency in the article differ from traditional police methods you may be familiar with? What is your opinion of this intelligence gathering method?  What are the Pros and Cons?

express an opinion as to whether the creation of a specialized investigative unit would be the best response to this type of crime issue and support your position.

Assignment: In the first required reading “Crimes Against Persons, Property, and Society – Fall 2019”, the FBI identifies a broad category of offenses that “represent society’s prohibition against engaging in certain types of activity and are typically victimless crimes.” (FBI, 2019). If you look at the offense groups in the reading, you will see that it lists offenses such as prostitution, gambling,  drug violations, animal cruelty, weapons law violations, and pornography.

For your discussion:

(1) pick ONE (1) of the above listed offense types, find an applicable criminal code for your state (or state of your choice) and discuss some of the penalties associated with that offense. You only need to pick one specific offense from your state – for drug violations, you don’t need to discuss every potential drug violations – pick one particular statute and discuss its elements and penalities;

(2) describe what you believe your biggest challenge as an investigator would be proving all of those elements of the offense;

(3) identify AT LEAST ONE investigative tool or technique that you think would be critical to successfully investigating this type of incident and explain why it is important – is it undercover operations, informants, surveillance, witness interviews, computer evidence, etc.

(4) express an opinion as to whether the creation of a specialized investigative unit would be the best response to this type of crime issue and support your position.

For example, of you pick burglary as your topic, you will need to explain what the general elements of that offense are and then identify an element that you think is the biggest challenge to prove (is it proving the entry was unlawful, that a theft actually occurred, that a felony was committed, etc) then identify an investigative technique or service that will be critical (is it polygraphs, ballistic evidence, interviewing, crime scene management, etc), and finally explain if you believe creation of a specialized investigative unit would be an appropriate response (for example, would creating a crime analysis unit to better track these crimes be a good idea, or would creating a unit that does only those types of investigations, or would creating a community policing unit that raises community awareness be a good response, etc)

Submission Requirements

• APA Style elements required
• Separate Title Page with Name, class, date and topic/title
• At least one (1) page of your writing on this topic that includes using in-text citations
• 12 point font
• Times New Roman or Arial
• Separate Reference Page – List detailed source information for all references

 Brown, Thomas. (2019), “Criminal Investigation”. Virginia Wesleyan University. OERCommons. eBook.
Viewed from: https://www.oercommons.org/courses/criminal-investigation/view# 

What do you think? Should there be stricter limits on gun ownership and carrying?

A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

That is the full text of the 2nd amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

If anyone tells you they KNOW! definitively what it means, they are actually giving you their opinion rather than an objective fact. They can’t possibly know, because it’s inherently ambiguous, as much as some people would like to believe otherwise.

Some people say it means that the government has no constitutional authority to limit a citizen’s right to own semi-automatic handguns or an AR-15, or even a Barrett M82 50 caliber rifle. Others, however, say it means that anyone  in an official “well-regulated” militia, like the National Guard, has the right to bear arms. But, the response to this goes, the “militia” really means everyone, because when the constitution was drafted, everyone was subject to being activated to repel invaders.

Many historians think evidence points to the conclusion that the 2nd Amendment was ratified *not* to guarantee an  individual right to be continually armed, but because there was widespread opposition to a standing army, so state militias were necessary and should not be disarmed. Or, probably more commonly, constitutional historians accept that the right is an individual right, but is conditioned upon the assumption of participation in a militia, and since militias no longer exist, the individual right to keep and bear arms consequently no longer exists.

One example may be found in a  brief submitted to the Supreme Court  (page 36) in 2008:

“…the authors of the Second Amendment would be flabbergasted to learn that in endorsing the republican principle of a well-regulated militia, they were also precluding restrictions on such potentially dangerous property as firearms, which governments had always regulated when there was “real danger of public injury from individuals.”

Other people may have other interpretations of the 2nd amendment. So when your great uncle Norman (I hope no one actually has a great uncle Norman!) tells you the 2nd amendment gives him a constitutionally guaranteed right to have that AR-15, or even a machine gun, the truth is…. maybe, maybe not.

As it happens, the 9th Circuit Federal Court of Appeals held in an  opinion  issued on June 9, 2016, that the Second Amendment does  not  ensure an individual right to bear arms in public. At that link you can download the opinion and also listen to, or even watch video of, the oral argument that led to it.

The Supreme Court held in  District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) that the Constitution protects and individual right to own a handgun in the home for self-protection. In contrast, this 9th Circuit opinion ( Peruta v. County of San Diego ) bears on weapons outside the home. Here is one of many news stories about the  Peruta  decision. And here is the case page for the  Heller  decision .

According to  Peruta, individuals are not constitutionally barred from carrying weapons, but states or other political subdivisions do not violate constitutional rights by requiring individuals to demonstrate a strong need to have a firearm before issuing a license.

That decision was appealed, but the Supreme Court declined to hear the appeal, leaving the decision’s restriction on public carrying of firearms in place.

This is important because it demonstrates that some people’s broad view of the meaning of 2nd Amendment rights isn’t necessarily justified.

What do you think? Should there be stricter limits on gun ownership and carrying?

Whatever your opinion of gun ownership, carrying and regulation, you should remember that, as documented by the Gun Violence Archive, there were  346 mass shootings  in the US in 2017 and 340 in 2018. There have been  12 so far in 2019 , and 28 children aged 0-11 killed or injured by gun violence as of January 19, 2019.

describe what you believe your biggest challenge as an investigator would be proving all of those elements of the offense

Discussion 13 – Property Crimes

Discussion: In the first required reading “Crime in the United States, 2018 – Property Crime”, the FBI includes four general offense types grouped together as part of its Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Program to collect data that it classified overall as property crime. Also included in the readings are FBI summaries of each of those four offense types that include the general elements of the offense as well as some statistics regarding those offenses. 

For your writing assignment:

(1) pick ONE (1) of those four offenses and generally describe the elements of the offense;

(2) describe what you believe your biggest challenge as an investigator would be proving all of those elements of the offense;

(3) identify AT LEAST ONE investigative tool or technique that you think would be critical to solving that case and explain why it is important.

For example, of you pick burglary as your topic, you will need to explain what the general elements of that offense are and then identify an element that you think is the biggest challenge to prove (is it proving the entry was unlawful, that a theft actually occurred, that a felony was committed, etc) then identify an investigative technique or service that will be critical (is it polygraphs, ballistic evidence, interviewing, crime scene management, etc).

Requirements:

• Your initial post should be a minimum of 250-275 words. 

What theory/theories resonate most with you to explain why women engage in crime? Why?

What theory/theories resonate most with you to explain why women engage in crime? Why? Can you think of policies and/or programs to help assist women who engage in crime?

Please use strain theory and differential association theory

Word count 250-300 words

What did the authors of the article say about the deterrent nature of video surveillance?

Read the attached article: Measuring the effectiveness of Video Surveillance in Los Angeles.

1. What did the authors of the article say about the deterrent nature of video surveillance?
2. What is the difference between active and passive surveillance?
3. What types of measures where used to evaluate the effectiveness of the CCTV cameras?
4. What is your opinion of the use of video surveillance for crime prevention?

Measuring the effects of Video Surveillance on crime in LA.pdf 

How does Predictive Policing differ from other prior policing methods?

Read the linked article: Predictive Policing: The Future of Law Enforcement and answer the following questions:

1) What is predictive policing?

2) How does Predictive Policing differ from other prior policing methods?

3) What components are critical for it to be effective?

4) What do you think about its ability to predict or reduce crime?

Which do you think is more important for organizations: downward communication or upward communication? Why? 

Based on your readings from this week’s chapters, please answer the following questions:

1. Which do you think is more important for organizations: downward communication or upward communication? Why? 
2. Which of the conflict causes do you feel is most challenging to a manager? Why?
3. Critique Fiedler’s LPC theory. Are other elements of the situation important? Do you think Fiedler’s assertion about the inflexibility of leader behavior makes sense? Why or why not?