Looking at the options for addressing India’s water crisis, how do these reflect community partnerships and/or strategic philanthropy?
Altruism versus Profit: The Challenges of Clean Water in’India
Lack of safe drinking water is a global issue. One of the United Nations Millennium goals is to “halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.” Climate change has made this goal difficult to achieve, and the updated 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals require investments in infrastructure, sanitation, and increased education. By 2050, water shortages are projected to impact 25 percent of the population.
Water is needed every day, several times a day, by all people. This makes long-term sustainability critical to any water project. A recent study in rural India found that 82 percent of the villagers collect water from a well or a pond, travelling up to one kilometer each time. This is a low prestige task most often done by women and girls. Over 70 percent of the surface water in India is contaminated and in many cases have been rendered unsafe for human consumption. This inaccessibility and increased pollution continues to be a serious health and economic issue in India and globally. UNICEF found that unsafe water worldwide causes four billion cases of diarrhea annually and “in India alone, the single largest cause of ill health and death among children is diarrhea, which kills nearly half a million children each year.”
The water crisis in India has been addressed in several ways, but with limited success. One of the solutions for water problems includes retail for-profit water sales and buying from mobile suppliers. Both Coke and Pepsi bottled waters are present in shops and restaurants in India through their Dasani and Aquafina brands, as are a variety of local providers, all part of the $300 billion global bottled water industry. However, the World Resources Institute report finds that bottled water comes at a significant price penalty compared to surface or piped water systems. Studies show mobile distributors charge up to ten times more than public utilities. Unfortunately, India faces many “basic service” issues and a fully functioning water system is very costly.
In addition to large, for-profit companies distributing bottled water in India, several socially responsible companies are also exploring the water filtration market in India. One example is WaterHealth International. They were profiled in Inc. magazine as the “Do Good Capitalist of the Year” in 2007. Water-Health installs a water filtration system and offers financing to local villages to purchase their water center packages. The villages then repay their loans with the profits of the water sales. However, many critics express concern at the expense of the WaterHealth Systems. Initial cost and financing issues are challenges for rural India and many areas trying to expand access to clean water.
Another developing for-profit enterprise is Hyderabad’s Waterlife. It is a franchise opportunity that offers a franchisee the ability to pay Rs. 30,000 (approximately Rs. 45 per US dollar) for the right to sell water at Rs. 5 per 20 liters; the franchisee keeps Rs. 2 per 20 liters for themselves and pays Rs. 3 to Waterlife. Gaurav Dwivedi, author of Public-Private Partnerships in the Water Sector; Partnerships or Privatization, writes that these for-profit enterprises “are being designed to enhance private profits without taking any serious responsibilities for extending coverage, or improving efficiency.” One concern in letting the market decide water access is that large areas of rural India will be left without coverage as they continue to face poor health and continued poverty. According to one KPMG study, only 32 percent of the rural population in India has access to safe water, in contrast to 73 percent of the population in large cities who has access. The challenge of assuming the private market will respond is that it is not lucrative enough to help the poor and the rural areas. The challenge in waiting for governmental response is that even more urgent social and economic issues overwhelm the priorities of the Indian government.
Nonprofit organizations are also attempting to address the water crises. One such organization is the Byrraju SWEET (Safe Water for Everyone using Effective Technology) water project, which was started in 2004. To build a water treatment plant, a village contacts the Byrraju Foundation and submits an application; residents are then asked to raise or donate 75 percent of the total plant, building and equipment costs, approximately $15,000. Byrraju adds the remaining loaned funds and provides expertise, supervision, and quality control. The village hires at least two residents to run the facility and offers a delivery route to enterprising entrepreneurs who earn a commission with each delivery. The water treatment plant is a “shared investment” between the foundation and the village. The village pays a percentage of sales to Byrraju for the 25 percent initial cost and for continued maintenance and water quality testing. This allows the “loan” to be paid back and villagers to have continued access to technological resources. Currently, they have nearly 60 water plants serving 1.2 million people.
However, the Foundation has been controversial. Ramalinga Raju, CEO and founder of Satyam Computer Services, founded the foundation in 2001, and over 90 percent of the Byrraju Foundation’s funding has historically come from Raju and his family members. Satyam was one of the top companies in India, employing over 30,000 people. Nevertheless, in January 7, 2009, Raju confessed to accounting fraud at Satyam and falsely reporting over a billion dollars in profits. Even in light of his well-known philanthropic efforts, per an article in the Indian Express. Raju was sentenced to, and is serving, seven years in jail. The Foundation continues to provide clean water to the villages with established water systems; however, it has been unable to expand due to its limited donations and fees.
Questions for Discussion
- Looking at the options for addressing India’s water crisis, how do these reflect community partnerships and/or strategic philanthropy?
- The Byrraju Foundation requires the village to donate funds. Is this a good strategy? Why/Why not?
- Per the United Nation’s report, India’s water quality ranks 120th among the 122 rated countries in terms of quality water available to its citizens. What are the challenges to addressing environmental issues in emerging countries, and how does that differ from developed countries?
- What are the differences in nonprofit versus for profit organizational forms of business when addressing these types of social problems? Is market demand the best determinant for basic necessities?
- Which of the five stakeholder groups might have the most power to address social problems in developing countries, especially when there is instability in the government due to transitions, crisis, or corruption?
- Corporate philanthropy has become more globalized and international development has seen increased funding even through recessionary times. Why are MNC’s interested in international giving?
Can the entire system be threat modeled?
Many people say that threat modeling is exponentially expensive:
- Can the entire system be threat modeled?
- If not, how would you objectively decide which parts of the system to model?
Describe any observations in the classrooms or in the videos that highlighted specific classroom management rules/strategies. Make sure to identify the video(s) in your response.
Directions
There are 8 videos of classroom teaching and diversity issues. You need to watch all videos to complete the reflection paper assignment. Try to think about this in terms of either in-person teaching or virtual or a combination of videos, in-person observation, and interview of a teacher.
These videos are not to offend anyone but to discuss issues of diversity and classroom teaching. The instructor does not want to impose his own views on anyone but to allow you to study issues as a way of the learning process.
After watching the videos and interviewing a teacher or visiting a classroom, you should have enough information to write your final paper. Your final paper will include responses to the following questions:
1. Describe any observations in the classrooms or in the videos that highlighted specific classroom management rules/strategies. Make sure to identify the video(s) in your response.
2. If you were the teacher in these classes, identify at least two classroom management strategies that you would use. Be clear.
3. Finally, based on your personal experiences in-classroom observation and discussions with teachers, share your thoughts about how the classroom management strategies from this course will help you to teach all students in your future teaching assignments. Also, include some ways you could avoid possible ineffective management strategies you may have encountered or viewed in the videos.
To submit your response, you should develop a response in a Word document and attach it.
There is a limit of words for this assignment. You must write a response in no more than 1000 words. Quality of response is important. You must complete the attached timesheet and submit it with your final paper.
Good Luck!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRgIxK0WNis Second Grade Lesson on Fractions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkxJSwa_b3A First Grade Literacy Lesson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eR1rZ71ZKcA First Grade Wonders Day Lesson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIk1-ck4c6Q Prague Kindergarten – English Lesson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjNv2dQCFEk Kindergarten Writing Lesson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKxAyy0MBiQ Fourth Grade ELA Lesson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoQzv4wxmUE First Grade Math Lesson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BL_p-6UQDZQ Third Grade Reading – Character Traits
Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of digital signatures?
Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of digital signatures? Please make sure to write 250 words in APA format with in-text citation. also you must use at least one scholarly resource. See attached document for reference.
What are the three basic questions in the Model for Improvement?
This week discussion review and discuss:
What are the three basic questions in the Model for Improvement?
What are we trying to accomplish?
How do we know that a change is an improvement?
What change can we make that will result in an improvement?
Please remember to include references.
Would you recommend that ExxonMobil use a single company- wide cost of capital for analyzing capital expenditures in all its business units? Why or why not?
EXXONMOBIL
ExxonMobil ( XOM) is one of the half- dozen major oil companies in the world. The firm has four primary operating divisions ( upstream, downstream, chemical, and global services) as well as a number of operating companies that it has acquired over the years. A recent major acquisition was XTO Energy, which was acquired in 2009 for $ 41 billion. The XTO acquisition gave ExxonMobil a significant presence in the development of domestic unconventional natural gas resources, includ-ing the development of shale gas formations, which was booming at the time. Assume that you have just been hired to be an analyst working for ExxonMobil’s chief financial officer. Your first assignment was to look into the proper cost of capital for use in making corporate investments across the company’s many business units.
a. Would you recommend that ExxonMobil use a single company- wide cost of capital for analyzing capital expenditures in all its business units? Why or why not?
b. If you were to evaluate divisional costs of capital, how would you go about estimating these costs of capital for ExxonMobil? Discuss how you would approach the problem in terms of how you would evaluate the weights to use for various sources of capital as well as how you would estimate the costs of individual sources of capital for each division.
Instructions: In 600-750 words 2-3 pages. Your paper must include at least two scholarly journal references (in addition to your book).
Explain what Sara did well as an adaptive leader and where she could improve. Did she show emotional intelligence? Explain why or why not.
Ellen opened up to Sara about her harassment experiences with Dr. Tkachyck. As you read this week, an adaptive leader utilizes four key components (emotional intelligence, organizational justice, character, and development) to mobilize coworkers to develop a solution. Analyze both scenarios—when Sara filed a report and when she didn’t. Explain what Sara did well as an adaptive leader and where she could improve. Did she show emotional intelligence? Explain why or why not.
Please view the video below.
What areas of physical examination are important for this patient?
Child and Adolescent Asthma video transcripts
- Assess the case study
- Answer the questions within the case study(1-What preliminary diagnosis are you considering at this time? 2- What areas of physical examination are important for this patient?, 3- What are your 3 diagnostics considerations in order of priority?, 4- List 3 next steps in your diagnostic workup)
- Case study transcripts attached below
Would you support the use of therapeutic cloning in order to produce ES cells for treatment of disease or injury? Why or why not?
Discussion 5: Stem Cell Research
Standing in the voting booth, Raina hesitated. It was November 2, 2004, and she had to make her final decision on how to vote for California Proposition 71, the California Stem Cell Research and Cures Initiative. Proposition 71, a $3 billion bond measure, would fund embryonic stem (ES) cell research at facilities across the state for the next ten years. Raina knew that Proposition 71 had widespread support, including that of Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and several Nobel Prize-winning scientists, but she was also well aware of the controversy surrounding ES cell research.
Well before Election Day, Raina had taken the time to inform herself about the ongoing ES cell debate. She learned that ES cell lines are obtained by removing a group of cells, called the inner cell mass, from an embryo that is about five days old (also known as a blastocyst), and growing the cells in a Petri dish. The cells are prized by researchers because they are pluripotent, meaning that they have the potential to differentiate into a wide range of different types of cells if properly stimulated. Proponents of ES cell research say that such cells could be used to cure conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cystic fibrosis, and spinal cord injuries. In addition, ES cells could be studied to help scientists understand the basic processes of human development and used to test new drugs.
ES cell research opponents say that it should be restricted because it requires the destruction of human life. Raina found this issue to be one of great concern. She learned that the ES cell lines currently used for research are obtained from embryos left over from in vitro fertilization (IVF). These embryos are voluntarily donated, and otherwise would be discarded. Raina wondered if embryos, even those so early in development, should be considered human beings. If so, then producing an excess of them for IVF and then discarding them would be wrong. Might it also be wrong to benefit from their sacrifice?
Raina had read about stem cells from other sources besides embryos. Some, known as embryonic germ cells, may be obtained from aborted or miscarried fetuses, but this source is subject to the same sort of controversy as ES cells. Some very promising results have come from research using stem cells taken from the umbilical cord and placenta, and adult tissues such as bone marrow and parts of the brain. In fact, some of these non-embryonic cells have already been used to treat medical conditions, including blood disorders, spinal cord injury and heart attack damage. Such stem cells are obtained without harming embryos or fetuses, and for this reason their use meets with few ethical objections. However, they appear to be more limited in their ability to differentiate than ES cells.
Finally, after weighing the arguments one last time, Raina cast her ballot. The next day, she learned that Proposition 71 had passed with 59% of the vote. Now it is possible that similar initiatives may appear on the ballots of other states.
Should ES cell research prove fruitful, it raises the issue of a particular type of cloning known as therapeutic cloning. Therapeutic cloning would not result in the production of a new human being, but it would mean creating an embryo from which ES cells could be removed that would match the cells of a person’s own body. This would prevent the rejection of transplanted cells by the immune system of the recipient. Would you support the use of therapeutic cloning in order to produce ES cells for treatment of disease or injury? Why or why not?
List three significant details that are evidence of a poorly kept kitchen
Susan Glaspell’s play “Trifles” (pgs. 693-703)
1. Title Implications: Explain what the word “trifles” means. Do you think it is a
fitting title?
2. Symbolic Setting.
Where is the murder site/ farmhouse located?
B. Inside the house:
List two things that let the audience “feel” how literally cold it is:
3. List three significant details that are evidence of a poorly kept kitchen:
4. Thumbnail Sketch: Make a comment about each of the characters (one sentence)
A. Attorney Henderson_________________________________________________
B. Sheriff Peters ______________________________________________________
C. Mr. Hale __________________________________________________________
D. Mrs. Peters ________________________________________________________
E. Mrs. Hale _________________________________________________________
5. List two “put down” comments the men make against women:
6. Why does Mrs. Hale get upset with the men talking about Mrs.Wright?
7. Why do you think the women hide the dead bird?
