Analyze ethical and legal implications of cases involving bioethics. Two examples of highly publicized cases are listed below. The national discussion concerning decision making for incompetent patients began with the 1976 case of Karen Ann Quinlan. Because she had been left in a persistent vegetative state after two periods of anoxia, her parents sought court authorization to remove her from a ventilator. The New Jersey Supreme Court, in a landmark, unanimous decision, authorized the removal based on Quinlan’s constitutional right of privacy, which the court concluded would be lost unless her parents were given authority to exercise it on her behalf. In the 15 years since Quinlan, courts in almost 20 states have reviewed disputes regarding treatment for incompetent patients. Courts in all these states have recognized the general right of competent people to refuse treatment, and in all but two states have also ultimately found that the U.S. Constitution, state constitution, or common law permits a surrogate to make treatment decisions on behalf of an incompetent person (Annas, 1990). The case of Nancy Cruzan is essentially identical to that of Karen Ann Quinlan, with one exception: Nancy Cruzan, a young woman in a persistent vegetative state because of a 1983 automobile accident, requires only tube feeding (rather than a ventilator and tube feeding) to continue to survive. Her parents firmly believe she would not want to have tube feeding continued under such circumstances, in part based on her own statement that she would not want to continue to live if she could not be “at least halfway normal.” For this reason, a trial judge authorized her parents to have their daughter’s tube feeding discontinued (Annas, 1990). Instructions Select a case for which you are familiar or have an interest that involves medical ethics. Prepare a case analysis using the IRAC method. Your analysis should address the following: The Issue Rule Analysis Conclusion

Scenario
Analyze ethical and legal implications of cases involving bioethics. Two examples of highly publicized cases are listed below.
The national discussion concerning decision making for incompetent patients began with the 1976 case of Karen Ann Quinlan. Because she had been left in a persistent vegetative state after two periods of anoxia, her parents sought court authorization to remove her from a ventilator. The New Jersey Supreme Court, in a landmark, unanimous decision, authorized the removal based on Quinlan’s constitutional right of privacy, which the court concluded would be lost unless her parents were given authority to exercise it on her behalf. In the 15 years since Quinlan, courts in almost 20 states have reviewed disputes regarding treatment for incompetent patients. Courts in all these states have recognized the general right of competent people to refuse treatment, and in all but two states have also ultimately found that the U.S. Constitution, state constitution, or common law permits a surrogate to make treatment decisions on behalf of an incompetent person (Annas, 1990).
The case of Nancy Cruzan is essentially identical to that of Karen Ann Quinlan, with one exception: Nancy Cruzan, a young woman in a persistent vegetative state because of a 1983 automobile accident, requires only tube feeding (rather than a ventilator and tube feeding) to continue to survive. Her parents firmly believe she would not want to have tube feeding continued under such circumstances, in part based on her own statement that she would not want to continue to live if she could not be “at least halfway normal.” For this reason, a trial judge authorized her parents to have their daughter’s tube feeding discontinued (Annas, 1990).
Instructions
Select a case for which you are familiar or have an interest that involves medical ethics. Prepare a case analysis using the IRAC method. Your analysis should address the following:
The Issue
Rule
Analysis
Conclusion
Resources

Annas, George J, J.D., M.P.H. (1990). Sounding board: Nancy cruzan and the right to die. The New England Journal of Medicine, 323(10), 670-673.

Post an analysis of managerial practices that promote effective, positive, and inclusive teams. In your analysis, do the following: Describe your best team experience and explain what made it so. Identify at least three factors that contributed to the positive culture, inclusivity, and engagement of that team. Provide at least one specific example for each factor. Then, identify two specific practices you could use as a manager to ensure your teams are effective, positive, and inclusive.

MY BEST TEAM EXPERIENCE
Nearly everyone has been part of a team during the course of their lives. Some of these team experiences may have been positive, some perhaps negative, and some neutral to the point that they are barely memorable. By working together with a team, you are offered unique opportunities for growth as other members will challenge your assumptions and present different perspectives. Think of your experiences being in teams. Which ones stand out as being most memorable?
In this Discussion, you will dissect the characteristics of a positive experience with a team. Then, you will use this analysis to develop clear takeaways for your own development as a team leader and manager.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 
WEEKLY RESOURCES
To prepare for this Discussion:

Think about the best team experience you have ever had. This may be a work team, an athletic team, a volunteer team, or any other positive team experience. 

BY DAY 3
Post an analysis of managerial practices that promote effective, positive, and inclusive teams. In your analysis, do the following:

Describe your best team experience and explain what made it so.
Identify at least three factors that contributed to the positive culture, inclusivity, and engagement of that team. Provide at least one specific example for each factor.
Then, identify two specific practices you could use as a manager to ensure your teams are effective, positive, and inclusive.

Does the use of an electronic medical record decrease the average conditional discharge time?

Respond to at least 2 of your classmates. Responses should be approximately 50 words each.
Flavy Abbey (students name)

Article

Ranney, M.L., Griffeth, V., Jha, A.K. (2020). Critical Supply Shortages — The Need for Ventilators and Personal Protective Equipment during the Covid-19 Pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), e41.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmp2006141

Hypothesis

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to critical shortages of ventilators and personal protective equipment (PPE) in hospitals in the US and UK.

My hypothesis

The level of preparedness for a pandemic (independent variable) impacts the availability of critical medical supplies like ventilators and PPE (dependent variable) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US and UK.
The independent variable is the level of preparedness for a pandemic prior to COVID-19. The dependent variable is the availability of critical supplies like ventilators and PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. I am interested in testing whether more prepared healthcare systems had greater availability of critical supplies during the pandemic.

Part 2

De Kock, J. H., Latham, H. A., Leslie, S. J., Grindle, M., Munoz, S.-A., Ellis, L., Polson, R., & O’Malley, C. M. (2021). A Rapid Review of the Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare workers: Implications for Supporting Psychological well-being. BMC Public Health, 21(1). 
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10070-3

The research questions examined in this study were: What are the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers’ mental health and wellbeing? What is the key risk and protective factors influencing healthcare workers’ mental health during the pandemic? What public health interventions can promote healthcare workers’ mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Here is a related research question I could investigate further: 
How did communication patterns between healthcare workers change during the COVID-19 pandemic and what effects did this have on collaboration, teamwork, and patient care?
This question focuses specifically on how COVID-19 impacted communication in healthcare workplace settings, which could provide insights into strategies to improve communication and teamwork during times of crisis. Examining the interplay between communication, collaboration, and patient outcomes could shed light on important best practices for supporting healthcare providers through major disruptions like a pandemic.

Part 3

This was a very insightful exercise for me. By starting with a published research article and then formulating my own related research question, I was able to approach the broader topic from a new perspective. The key things I learned are that; coming up with an original research question forces me to think creatively about ways to build on and extend prior work. I can’t simply rehash what others have already studied, but need to identify a novel direction. In addition, focusing a research question makes it more tractable to investigate. Looking broadly at “COVID-19’s impact on healthcare workers” is too vague. Zeroing in on effects on communication and collaboration provides more specificity. Furthermore, creating a good research question requires both familiarity with the literature and the ability to identify gaps in knowledge. I needed to understand what had already been studied before proposing a new question. Turning a broad topic into a researchable question requires analysis and synthesis skills. I had to distill the key variables and relationships to study.
Amber De Oliveira (students name)
Part One:
Quantitative: Driscoll, M., & Gurka, D. (2015). Using the Electronic Medical Record to Enhance Physician-Nurse Communication Regarding Patients’ Discharge Status. 
Nursing Administration Quarterly, 
39(4), E31–E37. 
https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000127 

Research Question from the Article: Does the use of an electronic medical record decrease the average conditional discharge time?
Research Hypothesis: Patients have a decreased discharge time if providers enter conditional discharge orders.
Is there an impact on conditional discharges when an electronic medical record is utilized?
The independent variable would be the conditional discharge order. The dependent variable would be the change in average discharge time.  
 Part Two:
Qualitative: Kelly, M. M., Hoonakker, P. L. T., Nacht, C. L., Smith, C. A., Dean, S. M., Sklansky, D. J., Smith, W., Sprackling, C. M., Zellmer, B. M., & Coller, R. J. (2023). Parent Perspectives on Sharing Pediatric Hospitalization Clinical Notes. 
Pediatrics, 
151(1), 1–10. 
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-057756

Research Question from the Article: What impact does parental use of live clinical notes have on the hospitalization experience?
Hypothesis: There is a relationship between physician real time clinical notes and parents positive perceptions of readiness for discharge.
What impact does parental involvement in the electronic medical record have on the discharge of a pediatric patient?
How does the parental involvement with the clinical team impact discharge readiness?
Part 3: Overview:
During this exercise, I began to become more confused on what was truly qualitative versus quantitative as I searched thru research articles. Quantitative data is numbers-based, yet qualitative data can be reported in numbers, as well. If anyone has any great tips to more clearly define the two, I am open to suggestions. The creation of the hypothesis does narrow down the topic and seeks why the research is being conducted. Looking back on my first week experience with the research question, there is much more specification to occur. The original question was “Has conditional discharges been effective to meet the care goals and sustain quality care?” and “What settings have conditional discharge shown positive outcomes?”
References:
Driscoll, M., & Gurka, D. (2015). Using the Electronic Medical Record to Enhance Physician-Nurse Communication Regarding Patients’ Discharge Status. 
Nursing Administration Quarterly, 
39(4), E31–E37. 
https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000127 

Kelly, M. M., Hoonakker, P. L. T., Nacht, C. L., Smith, C. A., Dean, S. M., Sklansky, D. J., Smith, W., Sprackling, C. M., Zellmer, B. M., & Coller, R. J. (2023). Parent Perspectives on Sharing Pediatric Hospitalization Clinical Notes. 
Pediatrics, 
151(1), 1–10. 
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-057756

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Discuss the way that one theme, concept, or issue (ex. race, love, sex, war) has been treated across at least two stories in the semester.( story of Sunjata, story of the thousand and one nights) 

  
? Discuss the way that one theme, concept, or issue (ex. race, love, sex, war) has been treated across at least two stories in the semester.( story of Sunjata, story of the thousand and one nights) 
? There should be claim as the thesis, something like “Sex is an important aspect of both Ovid and Sappho…” or something like that. 

The focus of this discussion is U.S. individuals who have been charged  and/or convicted of disclosing U.S. classified information to foreign  adversaries or the media.  To complete the discussion this week,  students will need to (1) identify an individual who has been charged  and/or convicted of disclosing U.S. classified information,

 The focus of this discussion is U.S. individuals who have been charged  and/or convicted of disclosing U.S. classified information to foreign  adversaries or the media.  To complete the discussion this week,  students will need to (1) identify an individual who has been charged  and/or convicted of disclosing U.S. classified information, (2) discuss  the events surrounding the individual (ex. who is the individual, what  was the individual charged and/or convicted of, to whom was the  information disclosed, etc.), and apply the MICE acronym (Money,  Ideology, Compromise/Coercion, and Ego) from the assigned reading this  week (Charney & Irvin, 2016) to analyze what was the individual’s  motivation for engaging in the disclosure.  Please note students are  highly encouraged to select an individual for whom they do not know much  about.  Doing so will provide a greater learning experience as opposed  to focusing on an individual that a student is fully knowledgeable  about.   

we will be discussing elements and compounds (sodium). They are all around us and within us. Choose one element (sodium) or compound and explore it. Comment on such things as:State of matter, physical and chemical properties, subatomic particles, placement on the periodic table, atomic mass, molar mass, chemical bonding, molecular formula, nomenclature and composition of the compound.

we will be discussing elements and compounds (sodium). They are all around us and within us. Choose one element (sodium) or compound and explore it. Comment on such things as:State of matter, physical and chemical properties, subatomic particles, placement on the periodic table, atomic mass, molar mass, chemical bonding, molecular formula, nomenclature and composition of the compound.

Describe ways to incorporate evidence-based practice within an interdisciplinary team.

For this assessment, you will create a 2-4 page plan proposal for an interprofessional team to collaborate and work toward driving improvements in the organizational issue you identified in the second assessment.
Collapse All
Introduction
The health care industry is always striving to improve patient outcomes and attain organizational goals. Nurses can play a critical role in achieving these goals; one way to encourage nurse participation in larger organizational efforts is to create a shared vision and team goals (Mulvale et al., 2016). Participation in interdisciplinary teams can also offer nurses opportunities to share their expertise and leadership skills, fostering a sense of ownership and collegiality.
You are encouraged to complete the Budgeting for Nurses activity before you develop the plan proposal. The activity consists of seven questions that will allow you the opportunity to check your knowledge of budgeting basics and as well as the value of financial resource management. The information gained from completing this formative will promote success with the Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal. Completing this activity also demonstrates your engagement in the course, requires just a few minutes of your time, and is not graded.
Demonstration of Proficiency

Competency 1: Explain strategies for managing human and financial resources to promote organizational health.

Explain organizational resources, including a financial budget, needed for the plan to be a success and the impacts on those resources if nothing is done, related to the improvements sought by the plan.

Competency 2: Explain how interdisciplinary collaboration can be used to achieve desired patient and systems outcomes.

Describe an objective and predictions for an evidence-based interdisciplinary plan to achieve a specific objective related to improving patient or organizational outcomes.
Explain the collaboration needed by an interdisciplinary team to improve the likelihood of achieving the plan’s objective. Include best practices of interdisciplinary collaboration from the literature.

Competency 4: Explain how change management theories and leadership strategies can enable interdisciplinary teams to achieve specific organizational goals.

Explain a change theory and a leadership strategy, supported by relevant evidence, that are most likely to help an interdisciplinary team succeed in collaborating and implementing, or creating buy-in for, the project plan.

Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly, evidence-based communication strategies to impact patient, interdisciplinary team, and systems outcomes.

Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.
Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references, exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.

Reference
Mulvale, G., Embrett, M., & Shaghayegh, D. R. (2016). ‘Gearing up’ to improve interprofessional collaboration in primary care: A systematic review and conceptual framework. BMC Family Practice, 17.
Professional Context
This assessment will allow you to describe a plan proposal that includes an analysis of best practices of interprofessional collaboration, change theory, leadership strategies, and organizational resources with a financial budget that can be used to solve the problem identified through the interview you conducted in the prior assessment.
Scenario
Having reviewed the information gleaned from your professional interview and identified the issue, you will determine and present an objective for an interdisciplinary intervention to address the issue.
Note: You will not be expected to implement the plan during this course. However, the plan should be evidence-based and realistic within the context of the issue and your interviewee’s organization.
Instructions
For this assessment, use the context of the organization where you conducted your interview to develop a viable plan for an interdisciplinary team to address the issue you identified. Define a specific patient or organizational outcome or objective based on the information gathered in your interview.
The goal of this assessment is to clearly lay out the improvement objective for your planned interdisciplinary intervention of the issue you identified. Additionally, be sure to further build on the leadership, change, and collaboration research you completed in the previous assessment. Look for specific, real-world ways in which those strategies and best practices could be applied to encourage buy-in for the plan or facilitate the implementation of the plan for the best possible outcome.
Using the Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal Template [DOCX] Download Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal Template [DOCX]will help you stay organized and concise. As you complete each section of the template, make sure you apply APA format to in-text citations for the evidence and best practices that inform your plan, as well as the reference list at the end.
Additionally, be sure that your plan addresses the following, which corresponds to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Please study the scoring guide carefully so you understand what is needed for a distinguished score.

Describe an objective and predictions for an evidence-based interdisciplinary plan to achieve a specific goal related to improving patient or organizational outcomes.
Explain a change theory and a leadership strategy, supported by relevant evidence, that is most likely to help an interdisciplinary team succeed in collaborating and implementing, or creating buy-in for, the project plan.
Explain the collaboration needed by an interdisciplinary team to improve the likelihood of achieving the plan’s objective. Include best practices of interdisciplinary collaboration from the literature.
Explain organizational resources, including a financial budget, needed for the plan to succeed and the impacts on those resources if the improvements described in the plan are not made.
Communicate the interdisciplinary plan, with writing that is clear, logically organized, and professional, with correct grammar and spelling, using current APA style.

Additional Requirements

Length of submission: Use the provided template. Remember that part of this assessment is to make the plan easy to understand and use, so it is critical that you are clear and concise. Most submissions will be 2–4 pages in length. Be sure to include a reference page at the end of the plan.
Number of references: Cite a minimum of 3 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your central ideas. Resources should be no more than 5 years old.
APA formatting: Make sure that in-text citations and reference list follow current APA style.

Note: Faculty may use the Writing Feedback Tool when grading this assessment. The Writing Feedback Tool is designed to provide you with guidance and resources to develop your writing based on five core skills. You will find writing feedback in the Scoring Guide for the assessment, once your work has been evaluated.
Portfolio Prompt: Remember to save the final assessment to your ePortfolio so that you may refer to it as you complete the final Capstone course.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

Competency 1: Explain strategies for managing human and financial resources to promote organizational health.

Explain organizational resources, including a financial budget, needed for the plan to succeed and the impacts on those resources if nothing is done to make the improvements sought by the plan.

Competency 2: Explain how interdisciplinary collaboration can be used to achieve desired patient and systems outcomes.

Explain the collaboration needed by an interdisciplinary team to improve the likelihood of achieving the plan’s objective, including best practices of interdisciplinary collaboration from the literature.

Competency 3: Describe ways to incorporate evidence-based practice within an interdisciplinary team.

Describe an objective and predictions for an evidence-based interdisciplinary plan to achieve a specific goal related to improving patient or organizational outcomes.

Competency 4: Explain how change management theories and leadership strategies can enable interdisciplinary teams to achieve specific organizational goals.

Explain a change theory and a leadership strategy, supported by relevant evidence, that is most likely to help an interdisciplinary team succeed in collaborating and implementing, or creating buy-in for, the project plan.

Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly, evidence-based communication strategies to impact patient, interdisciplinary team, and systems outcomes.

Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.
Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references, exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.

Identify and explain the factors that have limited local law enforcement efforts against digital crime.

 Instructions
In order to complete Assignment #5 you will need to answer the below questions. Please complete the questions in a Word document and then upload the assignment for grading. When assigning a name to your document please use the following format (last name_Assignment #5). Use examples from the readings, lecture notes and outside research to support your answers. The assignment must be a minimum of 1-full page in length with a minimum of 2 outside sources. Please be sure to follow
1. Identify and explain the factors that have limited local law enforcement efforts against digital crime.
2. Explain and describe the best practices for collection, preservation, transportation, and storage of electronic evidence.
3. What is the importance of chain of custody as it relates to computer crime?

Discuss and describe what is meant by a victim precipitated homicide In doing so, briefly describe and elaborate a bit on how situational rage and/or accumulated ragemay be connected to a victim precipitated homicide.

discuss and describe what is meant by a ‘victim precipitated homicide’. In doing so, briefly describe and elaborate a bit on how ‘situational rage’ and/or ‘accumulated rage’ may be connected to a victim precipitated homicide. No direct quotes should be utilized in the response.
Note: The response given should reflect upper-level undergraduate writing in accordance with current APA standards. The response is to include a minimum of 3 peer-reviewed scholarly sources listed in proper APA format with in-text citation(s) in proper APA format. In-text citations are to correspond to a source in proper APA format listed after the response.
Response #2
Please use files below for this Response
Using 500-700 words, per the week 7 lesson and assigned readings, provide an overview of the rationale as to why some view the American process of rendering criminal justice as a non-system. No direct quotes should be utilized in the response.
Note: The response given should reflect upper-level undergraduate writing in accordance with current APA standards. The response is to include a minimum of 3 peer-reviewed scholarly sources listed in proper APA format with in-text citation(s) in proper APA format. In-text citations are to correspond to a source in proper APA format listed after the response.

The trouble is that all too many people have used the word depression to describe sadness and the connotation of depression is very serious generally requiring therapeutic intervention and if a biochemical basis for the depression, medication.  Consequently, it is important to understand the difference in sadness and depression. Do you see a difference between sadness and depression? Explain.

The trouble is that all too many people have used the word depression to describe sadness and the connotation of depression is very serious generally requiring therapeutic intervention and if a biochemical basis for the depression, medication.  Consequently, it is important to understand the difference in sadness and depression.
Do you see a difference between sadness and depression? Explain.