If you were put in charge of the local government (NYC), what would you consider to be the first or most important environmental health issue that you can or could address?
Legislators and regulators must address competing priorities when considering how to ac environmental public health issues. These priorities include not just how important something might be but also the availability of methods and personnel to perform what they require, how effective those actions might be, how the actions would be paid for, and their cost-effectiveness. In a way, this is their version of a risk-balancing activity. If you were put in charge of the local government (NYC), what would you consider to be the first or most important environmental health issue that you can or could address? From the local government level, what would you do to address this issue? What if you were put in charge of the NY state government? What would you then consider to be the first or most important environmental health issue that you can or could address? From this state government level, what would you do to address the issue? What if you were put in charge of the federal government? What would you consider the first or most important environmental health issue you can or could address? From this federal government level, what would you do to address
Discuss the relationship, from your perspective, between local economics and economic and environmental justice. Why do you think environmental justice is so tough to achieve?
Discuss the relationship, from your perspective, between local economics and economic and environmental justice. Why do you think environmental justice is so tough to achieve? How would you go about addressing environmental justice? Is there a level of government best suited to address environmental justice? Be descriptive
What is the general trend shown?
Go to http://climate.nasa.gov/ and fill in the following table as…
Go to http://climate.nasa.gov/ and fill in the following table as well as the following questions. What is the general trend shown? Why should we be concerned? (In other words, what kind of a gas is CO2 and what does this gas do for our atmosphere/planet?)
how would a PR manager use social media and online influencers to inform prospective Vega students about the below special events planned by Vega.
how would a PR manager use social media and online influencers to inform prospective Vega students about the below special events planned by Vega.
- Gala Event: Perhaps honouring successful alumni
- Exhibition & or trade shows
- Story integration on successful TV shows
How would you use traditional IMC and twenty-first-century techniques in promoting your campaign?
- Chapter 16 of the text discusses integrated marketing communications (IMC) in detail. Based on what you have read, explain in your own words why it is important to incorporate IMC in marketing, advertising, sales promotions, and public relations to promote an organization, product, or issue?
- Discuss a hypothetical business, product, or issue that you would like for the public to become aware of. How would you use traditional IMC and twenty-first-century techniques in promoting your campaign?
- Support your response with an in-text citation and list references to validate your points.
How do sleep problems affect thoughts, memory and emotions?
How do sleep problems affect thoughts, memory and emotions?
sustainability in the ophthalmic sector
Methodology :
Chapter 3: Methodology……………………………………………………………
primary, qual research semi structures interview, semi transcription of the interview
This research project is a primary qualitative research.
Why have I chosen qualitative: for the chosen subject and better dissection of the topic this method was ideal. It allows the ability for the interviewee to elaborate and expand on their thoughts. Plus when needed I as the researcher could ask more questions if necessary to draw out more from a certain point or an area I felt as if I needed more information.
Primary is research done by yourself first hand for your own area of interest which means I will be directly collecting the data I need for my research. 6
qual research
3.1 Research Methods
semi structures interview: pros interviewee can decide the sequence of the questions during the interview, semi structure interviewee enable more comprehensive data to be collected, potential gaps can be predicted and addressed, interviews that are semi structure tend to remain
Pilot study as a practice run and why useful. Basically mock run of the interview done to make sur everything runs smoothly.
3 aims of the interview: i.e gain an understanding of the subject etc
3.2 Research Approach
Online interviews using a communication platform (Microsoft Teams)
Interviews conducted using pre-determined dates and times that were calendarized. All files were prepared, so all documents relating to ensuring effective ethical management were prepared beforehand.
The conversation took place as the interviewee gave me written informed consent.
Tick box anonymity
semi transcription of the interview
Semi transcribed downloadable transcription which I need to edit. Listen back to cross reference the wrong words. Send back to participant for final check. Dependability (Cohen) increases. Anonymised transcription, no names.
reducing variables: time of the day, keep consistent time frame or room. Acknowledge the ones you can’t control.
3.3 Data Collection Instruments: Process and Justification
Semi transcribed downloadable transcription which I need to edit. Listen back to cross reference the wrong words. Send back to participant for final check. Dependability (Cohen) increases. Anonymised transcription, no names.
reducing variables, time of the day, keep consistent time frame or room. Acknowledge the ones you can’t control.
3.4 Sampling Strategy and Data Analysis
Thematic analysis, type of coding; common themes i.e plastic, waste
Sampling:
Purposive sample; specialist within the ophthalmic sector
Pros: may allow a researcher access to participants with knowledge of niche area
Cons: not representative, but is a specialist topic so isn’t too important so isn’t the primary concern given the research approach and topic.
Participants:
2 professional services managers who look after a large geographical area which are involved within the ophthalmic sector
Gary Allum: regional sales manager North East. Been in the industry since 1996
Rayna:
Interviews
Analysis: 3.4 data analysis
Analysis of interviews (qualitative research). Braun and Clarke, thematic analysis, decipher common themes within answers. Highlight themes and then make a point. Compare and contrast themes.
to extract meaning from the data and to interpret this meaning in relation to the key issues identified in the literature review.
How this analysis works step by step process of 7 steps:
Transcription, reading and familiarisation, coding, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, finalising the analysis
Attempting to improve rigour within the project. Participants check as in transcript checked and making sure it’s a true reflection from Gary who would agree and improving dependability
Aposteriori (coding): the researcher build codes once the data has been collected
Reliability can extended and repeated again from other groups.
Cohen: instead of reliability he believes it’s about rationale. He suggests that dependability is a more accurate term. If you do something rationally, it insinuates there an air of dependability around what you’re doing.
Coles: still think some core examples of reliability should be adhered too
Has the researcher been transparent and how they will take they approach to the research. How were questions created and tested. How were the participants selected and approach. How were the questions administered and analysed. This helps reader evaluate rigour. Reader can evaluate appropriateness of analysis.
Validity:
This study is qualitive in nature, most researcher would argue that measuring perception of sustainability is very difficult. So is very difficult to get an objective measurement.
3.5 Ethical Considerations
Bera reference guide, managing GDPR, anonymising docs, consent form, ethical approval committee, right to withdraw
Bera reference guide, managing GDPR, anonymising docs, consent form, ethical approval committee, right to withdraw
Ethics:
This research project has been granted ethical approval form an ethics committee at the college before any research was conducted. There was a consent form, Withdrawal form and a reference number I made to help make the work ethical.
Procedural guidance was obtained from Bera (reference Bera 2020) for educational research. 7 bullet points
And make sure to follow GDPR laws (reference that)
All transcripts were stored in the researchers share point one drive, so no 3rd parties have access to the content, data destruction is relatively straight forward. Student one drive are private, which has been confirmed by Head of I.T.
ICO
3.6 Limitations
Small numbers, unlikely to be applicable to other places, limited time
limitations: topics maybe inadvertently omitted, limited of what can be asked and how long you can talk to them for,
interviewer flexibility in the sequence of questioning may produce very different responses, so creates difficulty in comparing data sets.
Methodology:
Ethics being apriory or apostorary; using hybrid and discuss pro + cons
Does the pupil premium funding help to close the attainment gap in KS1?
This is the Literature review chapter for my dissertation, which is around 4000 words. I have attached the
document which contains my literature review alongside the feedback that was given. If you could go over the
feedback given and edit this chapter
A Tobacco Control Plan for England
Public Health
Theory & Policy
HS7006
Janice Forbes-Burford
&
Justine Cawley
WELCOME BACK TO WEEK 11
• Recovered from last week?
• TEAM FEEDBACK appointments available next Friday with JFB & JC to
support you to develop an academic L7 ESSAY (details 2 follow)
• Booking essential – consecutive slots, not choice!
• Schedule will be available online – use it or lose it!
• ARE YOU ESSAY READY……..NO? WELL ….THIS IS YOUR LUCKY DAY!!
• DEDICATED SESSION TO GUIDE YOUR ASSESSEMNT PLANNING
• NEXT WEEK – WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO?
Ok! Lets roll……
FOCUS ON QUALITY
CONTINUOUS SESSION REVIEWS
Highlight any issues you want to review
What did you find the most interesting?
What does this
What did you find most challenging?
What would you change to improve it?
What would you definitely want to keep?
???
WHAT
ABOUT
LAST
WEEK
???
Discuss 4
30 mins &
Post in CHAT
4 me
WHAT ABOUT NEXT WEEK?
Useful resource to Support both
Assessment Components
• https://www.cdc.gov/policy/polaris/policyprocess/index.html
This web site offers much to support your essay too, but be aware that it is an
AMERICAN domain and therefore there are some key differences in the
Structure and Delivery of Public Health in the USA. However, the principles of
professional practice remain the same and so you just need to be mindful of the
transfer to the UK Health System – e.g., the UK doesn’t operate on a Health
Insurance System. Health Care is free at the point of delivery.
Useful websites
• https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancasteruniversity/content-assets/documents/learningskills/examplesofcriticalwriting.pdf
• https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/critical-reading.html
• http://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/researching/criticalreading/
Critical thinking is a complex process of deliberation which
involves a wide range of skills and attitudes. It includes;
• Identifying other peoples positions,
arguments & conclusions
• Evaluating the evidence for
alternative points of view
• Weighing up opposing arguments
and evidence fairly
• Being able to read between the
lines, seeing behind surfaces and
identifying false or unfair
assumptions
• Recognising techniques used to
make certain positions more
appealing than others, such as false
logic and persuasive device
• Reflecting on issues in a structured
way, bringing logic and insight to
bear
• Drawing conclusions about whether
arguments are valid and justifiable
based on good evidence
• Synthesising information: drawing
together your judgements of the
evidence, synthesising these to
form your own new position
• Presenting a point of view in a
structured, clear well reasoned way
that convinces others
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DESCRIPTIVE AND CRITICAL WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE WRITING CRITICAL WRITING
States what happened… Identifies the significant points of what happened.
States what something is like… Evaluates the strengths and weaknesses attributed to something.
Explains the story… Evaluates certain information against other research and theories that are
prevalent within the topic area.
Explains what the theory is about and the
key academics that have developed the
theory.
Discusses the relevance of a theory in relation to the topic. Examines how
different academics have interpreted and developed the theory in various
ways.
States the methods that are used within the
research.
Identifies exactly why the methods are useful for the certain type of
research and aims/questions.
Describes the time at which
research/events occurred.
Why is this time significant? Clearly identify outside effects!
Lists the different interpretations of a theory. Critically compares/contrasts each theory – which one is the most relevant
to your research/essay question?
Offers broad and sweeping conclusions. Draws well-defined and concise conclusions that reflect and summarise the
content of the essay and argument.
Lists the various links between theories. Clearly develops the links between each theory, considering the effect that
this understanding has upon the topic area.
Critically analyse a chosen Public Health
policy (national) using the various
frameworks presented in the module.
This should include a critique of the policy process
HS7006 ASSESSMENT BRIEF
INDIVIDUAL
CRITICAL
ESSAY
COMPONENT
2
The FILES we discuss will be found within the channel
• Learning outcomes – ALL must be achieved to merit a pass
• Marking Grid – AIM HIGH!
• Please read the How to write an essay guidance if you want to
improve your structure and delivery – see FILES
• 60% PLANNING / 40% WRITING
• Time management is key – set yourself SMART objectives
• Final checklist – please use it – you will achieve a better mark if
due diligence is evident
What do you need to hand?
APPROACHING YOUR
ASSIGNMENT
PLAN a proper STRUCTURE
to deliver and showcase your
work!!
Please read the
relevant
supporting
papers related
to essay
planning /
critical reading
& writing
available via
Moodle
• Marking Grid
• Learning
outcomes
• DIAGRAMS
See Below
FAILING TO PLAN
is
PLANNING TO FAIL
3
KNOWLEDGE
Critically analyse the complex & interdependent
factors which influence the outcomes of public
health policy & strategy (IC) (COI) (CID) (EID) (SID)
ESSAY Learning Outcomes
4
Appraise the evidence and values that underpin
policies and demonstrate critical understanding
of related strategies (IC) (COI) (CID) (EID) (SID)
SKILLS FOR LIFE AND WORK (GENERAL SKILLS)
6 Demonstrate a high level of academic skill in
writing and presentation. (IC) (COI) (DP) (PID)
These
are
what
you
need
to
achieve
Submission
17th MAY 2021
THINKING SKILLS
POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK
POTENTIAL PLANNING STRUCTURE
WHICH
ONE?
YOUR
OWN?
MAXWELL’S
6
8
CRITICAL
POINTS
W.D.H
PRIMARY
MODEL /
FRAMEWORK
SECONDARY
FRAMEWORKS CDC
KINGDON
A.N.OTHER
Will you
select the
CDC
MODEL?
or
the
KINGDON
MULTIPLE
STREAMS
MODEL?
Has something changed NATIONALLY?
FIRST…CHOOSE YOUR POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK
Was there a previous policy in place?
Does it need updating?
Is there a national push?
What evidence is available?
What statistical / epi data do we have?
What does the population say?
What about our partners?
Who should we involve in this project?
Who is the policy issue relevant to?
What about the Public?
How can we involve them in this project?
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Critically analyse a chosen
Pubic Health policy
(national) using the various
frameworks presented in
the module.
This should include a critique
of the policy
IS IT SO
DIFFERENT TO
THE LOCAL
ISSUES YOU
CONSIDERED?
See next
slide for
an
example
HOW WILL YOU
STRUCTURE
YOUR PAPER?
WHAT POLICY
EXAMPLES WILL
YOU USE TO
SUPPORT YOUR
DISCUSSION?
POLICY AGENDA
POLICY DESIGN
STAKEHOLDERS
POLICY INTENT
EXPECTED
OUTCOMES
M6
PROPOSED
INTERVENTIONS
• Public health agenda? How does it get there?
• Stakeholders? See the session ppt
• Policy Intent – are there CLEAR aims and objectives?
• Is there a PLAN of ACTION from INTENT to DELIVERY?
• Is there a focus in terms of OUTCOMES/TIMELINE?
APPROACHING YOUR ASSESSMENT
Are there any other issues to consider?
• Leadership? Partnership Working? MECC?
• Will anything antagonise the policy?
• Will anything promote the policy?
POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK
http://www.esrc.ac.uk/about-us/50-years-of-esrc/50-achievements/the-dahlgren-whitehead-rainbow/
(Useful link!! – have a look!)
Are there any other issues to consider?
• Leadership? Partnership Working? MECC?
• Will anything else antagonise the process?
• Will anything else promote the process?
8 point critical framework
AMENDED PESTEL
SELECTED
PUBLIC
HEALTH
POLICY
DOCUMENT
CHOSEN
PH
SUBJECT
AREA
• Read through your policy document from cover to cover
• Review the research related to the issue it addresses;
• Epidemiology
• Evidence based research data
• Related documents from NICE / NHS England / etc
• WHY IS THIS ISSUE IMPORTANT?
APPROACHING YOUR ASSESSMENT
Plan a proper structure to deliver and showcase your work!!
There will be
some elements
of DESCRIPTION
but these should
be MINIMAL
Offer CRITICAL
ANALYSIS
wherever possible,
but ensure this is
backed up with a
supporting
reference
Remember
your policy
analysis
framework
Select your PRIMARY POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK & apply to your selected policy
• Consider your discussion points and develop accordingly
Does the policy take into account the relevant aspects of the wider determinants of health in relation
to the issue to be addressed?
• If there are cultural / social class / educational attainment / employment / environmental issues, are
these considered by the policy makers? If so, how? If not, what are the consequences?
• How then does the policy intend to reduce inequalities?
Does it meet quality requirements according to Maxwell’s 6 F/work?
• Was the policy effective / efficient / equitable in terms of delivery / outcomes? How was this
measured?
• Were the proposed interventions acceptable to / accessible by / appropriate to the needs of the
targeted population? Explore; offer critical comment
Examine the policy using the aspects identified in the 8 point critical framework e.g.,
• What are the ethical issues in relation to the policy?
• Are there any cultural / moral / technical / financial / social / political / legal implications? What are
they? Have they been considered adequately? Are there any issues raised as a consequence?
Support with evidence throughout
Critical Policy Analysis
(not the same as evaluation!!)
-2%’21(
NOW – Please use the
checklist before you submit
your final paper
:(//’21(
RMG industry
To what extent has the RMG industry helped in Bangladesh’s sustainable development goals?
