Week 3 Prin of Disaster Exc Drills Discussion Nursing Assignment Help

2. Here is the scenario – You are planning a tabletop exercise designed to solve a recurring problem in your pre-hospital system. This is an urban system with a total of 10 paid paramedics and 20 paid EMTs. There are also 15 volunteer EMTs. The problem is that communication among the various EMTs and paramedics and among responding units has been less than optimal. Problems include lack of interoperability and failure to use standard terminology. Here are the three tasks.
a. Determine who the players should be. Write an email notice inviting them to a  with an explanation of what you hope to accomplish. B. Write a communication scenario that will allow the players to address the problem at hand. . Make a list of facilities and materials you will use in the exercise.
3. Refine your capstone proposal based on discussions during week one.
About my Capstone it’s disaster management with persons with disabilities.  You should know, though, that a graduate many years ago did such a project.  It is now a DMM elective course.  How would you make yours unique?
Reading Assignments
Attached Files:

HSEEP.pdf (736.999 KB)
Core Capability Diagram (1.docx (79.522 KB)

1. IS 139a Lesson 2 – Exercise Planning Team
2. IS 139a Lesson3 – Capability-based Exercise Objective Development
3. The Inventory Resource – IS 139 Central City Planning Materials and Resources
4. Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program.  This document is found at the link titled Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program  (Volume 1).  You will find the portions you’ll need for this week on pages 2.3-2.6 (Exercise types) and 3.1 (the 8 step process).  
FOCUS POINTS
Having reviewed the basics of exercise design last week, this week we dig deeper.  Look at each of the design steps so you can begin the thought process that will go into developing your  exercise.  The chapter on the TTX will take you beyond the discussion-based exercises.
One of the most valuable collection of resources you will use this summer and for the rest of your career is the HSEEP.  We will use several of the files in HSEEP this semester, so look them over, ask questions, think about the ones your group will need during the semester.
As you develop your portion of your  exercise, you will need to think about available resources.  That’s where the Liberty County files come into play.  Look them over with an eye towards your group’s scenario.  If a resource you think you need is in there, you may use.  If a resource isn’t there, it is not available to you.
Here’s the URL for the full 139a course:

TTX Videos
Here are a few good youtube videos you may want to review.  I only chose ones that were under an hour long.  Feel free to look at youtube yourself for others.  Team Rubicon has several, but they are all full length, often more than 4 hours.
Healthcare TTX

Active shooter

How to conduct a TTX

Another active shooter  

General information

Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
In this assignment, we will address two tasks. First, we will discuss the planning of a tabletop exercise to solve a recurring problem in a pre-hospital system. The problem revolves around communication issues among EMTs and paramedics, including lack of interoperability and failure to use standard terminology. Second, we will refine the capstone proposal on disaster management with persons with disabilities, taking into consideration the uniqueness of the project compared to a previous graduate’s work.
Task 2a: Determining the players and writing an email notice
To address the communication problems in the pre-hospital system, it is essential to involve key stakeholders from various positions. The identified players for the tabletop exercise would be the 10 paid paramedics, 20 paid EMTs, and 15 volunteer EMTs. These individuals have direct involvement in providing pre-hospital care and are responsible for communicating with each other and responding units. Including all these stakeholders will ensure a comprehensive approach to solving the communication issue.
Email Notice:
Subject: Invitation to Participate in Pre-hospital Communication Tabletop Exercise
Dear EMTs and Paramedics,
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to invite you to participate in a tabletop exercise that aims to address the recurring communication problem in our pre-hospital system. The exercise will focus on improving interoperability and the use of standard terminology among EMTs, paramedics, and responding units.
Your participation is crucial as you have firsthand experience and knowledge of the communication challenges faced in our pre-hospital system. Through this exercise, we aim to identify solutions and develop strategies to enhance communication efficiency and effectiveness.
The tabletop exercise will provide an opportunity for discussion, collaboration, and problem-solving. Your insights and suggestions will contribute to the development of a more reliable and streamlined communication system, ultimately improving patient care and overall system performance.
Date: [Provide specific date and time]
Duration: [Approximate duration of the exercise]
Location: [Specify the venue where the exercise will take place]
Please RSVP to this email by [Specify the deadline for confirming participation] so that we can make adequate arrangements for the exercise. A detailed communication scenario and other relevant materials will be provided prior to the exercise to ensure everyone is well-prepared.
Thank you for your dedication and commitment to improving our pre-hospital system. Your participation in this tabletop exercise is greatly appreciated.
Best regards,
[Your Name]
[Your Position]
[Contact Information]
Task 2b: Writing a communication scenario
To address the communication problems, a communication scenario should be designed to simulate real-life situations where the lack of interoperability and failure to use standard terminology impact effective communication. The scenario should involve multiple EMTs, paramedics, and responding units and should require them to collaborate and establish clear communication protocols.
Communication Scenario:
Scenario: Mass Casualty Incident Response
A simulated mass casualty incident has occurred in our urban area, resulting in multiple injuries and a high demand for pre-hospital care. The incident involves a mix of trauma, medical emergencies, and potential hazardous materials exposure. It requires close coordination and effective communication among EMTs, paramedics, and responding units.
Objectives:
1. Assess the situation and establish a clear incident command structure.
2. Implement effective communication protocols and use standardized terminology.
3. Coordinate resources, including medical supplies, personnel, and transportation.
4. Prioritize patient triage, treatment, and transportation based on severity.
Instructions:
1. Participants will be divided into groups, representing EMTs, paid paramedics, and volunteer EMTs. Each group will have designated team leaders.
2. The incident command structure should be established, following the principles of the Incident Command System.
3. Participants must utilize designated communication channels and adhere to standardized terminology.
4. Each group should collaborate to assess the scene, triage patients, provide necessary medical interventions, and allocate resources accordingly.
5. Responding units should communicate updates, resource needs, and patient statuses to facilitate a coordinated response.
6. Participants should ensure effective communication within their groups and with other groups, maintaining situational awareness throughout the exercise.
7. After the exercise, a debriefing session will be conducted to discuss the communication strengths and weaknesses observed during the simulation.
Task 2c: List of facilities and materials for the exercise
To conduct the tabletop exercise, certain facilities and materials will be required to create a realistic and immersive environment for participants. Here is a list of suggested facilities and materials:
Facilities:
1. Training room or simulation lab with adequate space for participants to gather and work in groups.
2. Audiovisual equipment for presentations and multimedia support.
3. Communication equipment, such as radios or mobile devices, to simulate real-time communication channels.
4. Resource management area to store and manage medical supplies and equipment.
Materials:
1. Incident command structure charts and documentation.
2. Pre-developed patient scenarios and identifiers.
3. Maps or floor plans of the simulated urban area.
4. Mock medical supplies and equipment for hands-on practice.
5. Standard operating procedures and communication protocols for reference.
These facilities and materials will provide a realistic setting for the tabletop exercise, allowing participants to engage in problem-solving and critical thinking to address the communication challenges identified in the pre-hospital system.
In conclusion, the tabletop exercise aims to improve communication among EMTs, paramedics, and responding units in the pre-hospital system. By involving key stakeholders, developing a relevant communication scenario, and providing appropriate facilities and materials, we aim to enhance interoperability and the use of standard terminology, ultimately improving patient care and system performance.

FNU Community Health Nursing Discussion Nursing Assignment Help

Population affected by disabilities.
Rural and migrant health.
Read chapter 21 and 23 of the class textbook and review the attached PowerPoint presentations.  Once done, answer the following questions.
1.  Define and discuss in your own words the definitions and models for disability.
2.  Discuss the difference between illness and disability.
3.  Compare and contrast the characteristics of rural and urban communities.
4.  Discuss the impact of structural and personal barriers on the health of rural aggregates.

Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
In this assignment, we will explore the concepts of disability and illness, as well as the characteristics and health challenges faced by rural communities. We will also examine the impact of barriers on the health of rural aggregates. By addressing these questions, we aim to enhance our understanding of the various factors that affect the health and well-being of populations, particularly those with disabilities and those residing in rural areas.
Answers:
1. Definitions and models for disability:
Disability can be defined as an umbrella term encompassing a wide range of physical, mental, cognitive, and sensory impairments that may hinder individuals’ full and effective participation in society on an equal basis. It is important to note that disability is not solely determined by a person’s impairment but is also influenced by environmental and social barriers. Two commonly used models for understanding disability are the medical model and the social model.
The medical model views disability as an individual deficit or abnormality that requires medical intervention to “fix” or “cure” the impairment. This model primarily focuses on individual impairments and attempts to treat or manage them. However, it neglects the impact of societal factors and the environment in enabling or hindering individuals with disabilities.
On the other hand, the social model of disability recognizes that disability results from the interaction between individuals with impairments and the barriers present in society. It emphasizes the role of society in creating disabling conditions through discriminatory practices, inadequate infrastructure, and limited accessibility. In this model, disability is seen as a social construct rather than an individual problem, and the focus is on removing barriers and promoting inclusivity and equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities.
2. Difference between illness and disability:
Illness refers to a state of poor health or a specific medical condition that may or may not result in disability. It is typically characterized by symptoms, signs, or abnormal bodily function. Illness can be temporary, chronic, or even terminal. The experience of illness varies from person to person and can have physical, psychological, and social impacts.
On the other hand, disability primarily refers to the functional limitations and restrictions experienced by individuals due to impairments. While some disabilities may result from specific illnesses or health conditions, disability can also arise from congenital conditions, accidents, or aging. Disability extends beyond the medical aspects of an individual’s health and encompasses various dimensions, such as societal attitudes, accessibility, and participation.
In summary, illness focuses on the presence of a medical condition and its implications on health, while disability emphasizes the impact of impairments on an individual’s functionality and participation in society.
3. Characteristics of rural and urban communities:
Rural communities and urban communities differ in several aspects, including demographics, infrastructure, access to services, and lifestyle. It is crucial to consider these differences in healthcare planning and delivery. Some characteristic features of rural communities include:
a) Population density: Rural communities tend to have lower population densities compared to urban areas, which can affect the availability and accessibility of healthcare services.
b) Geographic isolation: Rural areas are often characterized by greater geographic distances, making access to healthcare facilities and specialists more challenging. This isolation contributes to delayed care, limited transportation options, and increased reliance on telehealth services.
c) Limited healthcare resources: Rural communities usually have fewer healthcare facilities, healthcare professionals, and specialized services compared to urban areas. This scarcity of resources can result in inadequate healthcare coverage and delays in essential treatments.
d) Socioeconomic factors: Rural populations often face higher levels of poverty, lower income levels, and limited education compared to urban populations. These socioeconomic factors can impact access to healthcare services, health literacy, and health outcomes.
4. Impact of structural and personal barriers on the health of rural aggregates:
Structural barriers refer to systemic challenges and limitations within healthcare systems, infrastructure, and government policies that affect the health of rural populations. Examples of structural barriers in rural areas include:
a) Limited healthcare facilities: Rural areas often have fewer hospitals, clinics, and specialists, leading to longer travel times and reduced access to care.
b) Inadequate transportation: Lack of public transportation options and longer distances to healthcare facilities can create barriers for individuals seeking medical care, particularly those without access to private vehicles.
c) Health workforce shortages: Rural communities frequently face challenges in attracting and retaining healthcare professionals. Limited availability of healthcare providers, especially specialists, can result in longer wait times and reduced quality of care.
d) Technology and internet accessibility: Limited access to high-speed internet and technology can impede rural populations’ ability to utilize telehealth services, access medical information, and participate in virtual care, exacerbating healthcare disparities.
Personal barriers refer to individual-level challenges that can impede healthcare access and utilization. Examples of personal barriers in rural communities include:
a) Financial constraints: Limited financial resources may prevent individuals from seeking appropriate healthcare services, purchasing medications, or accessing health insurance coverage.
b) Health literacy: Lower levels of health literacy in rural populations can hinder individuals’ understanding of health information, treatment options, and self-management of chronic conditions.
c) Cultural and social beliefs: Rural communities often have unique cultural and social norms that may influence healthcare-seeking behavior, acceptance of medical recommendations, and adherence to treatments.
Both structural and personal barriers contribute to health disparities in rural populations by limiting access to healthcare services, compromising timely interventions, and reducing the overall quality of care. It is essential to address and overcome these barriers through targeted policies, improved healthcare infrastructure, increased availability of resources, and health education initiatives.

HC 405 HU The Hospital Discharge Planning Process Discussion Nursing Assignment Help

Discussion
Instructions:

There are many issues and complications involved in the hospital discharge planning process. The process of moving a patient from inpatient care to an outpatient environment, sometimes called the “handoff” is a complex one, and there are lots of opportunities for improvement.
For this week’s discussion, view the YouTube video, Discharge Planning is a Family Affair in the Required Resources. It describes the decision process for discharging a patient (Mrs. A.) from the hospital. You will hear comments from the attending physician, from the patient’s daughter, and from Mrs. A. herself.
In your primary post, select at least two issues where you can see potential problems in this situation.
For each issue you identify, where are there opportunities for performance improvement in the discharge planning system?
What process would you propose to evaluate these opportunities? 

Peer Response:
Instructions:

Always construct your response in a word processing program like Word. Check for grammar, spelling, and mechanical errors. Make the corrections and save the file to your computer.
Find the posts that you are going to reply to; respond to at least 2 other classmates:

Lisa Ravanelli
A) The patient does not have a complete physical therapy note and she has been unable to transfer or walk. The therapist did tell the physician that the patient is not ready to be discharged for home.B) The pulmonologist ordered several tests but they have not yet been given to the physician so it is inconclusive and the orders are incomplete. Discharging the patient without knowing the results could result in more harm than good. I do think it would be beneficial for the team to be in agreement with letting the patient be discharged to home. It is obvious that the daughter is unable to care for her mother and she does have other priorities in her life work and a son. The social worker would need to get involved and see if this is a reasonable discharge, how often can the daughter look in on her or is there a home health agency that can help, will Medicare cover in-home health agency? This is where the opportunity for performance will need to step in, why are we discharging a patient when the whole team is not in agreement. A meeting to access the performance improvement of when the patient could be discharged makes more sense. The test that is not yet completed and or results received need to be addressed and why is there a hold? The opportunity of performance, resulting in the time of the test should be enabled and would think the physician would want to be ensured it is safe for her to go home. This is where we need to let the patient receive quality care by testing her and waiting for the test results. It is proper care and the right of the patient, we send her home and find that the test was incomplete this could result in malpractice.For the above responses, I think it would be beneficial for the physician to meet with the discharge team and they come to an agreement, even waiting out the test results. The cardiologist even increased her medication and this could result in another fall, we need the therapist to work with her a little longer and get her onto her feet and walking safely. The daughter needs to be reassured that we have her mother’s best interest in her care. The patient wants to g home and return to her normal routines, but it is not safe for her to return, she could sit with social services that can explain why it is not safe at this time. She is was even informed she is on a restrictive diet, this is essential for her heart. In the end, the physician even stated he was not aware of her living situation and just discharged her anyways, this is not good practice.

Sarah Lemieux
In this discharge planning there are a lot of concerns and problem areas. First, the most important problem for the big picture is there is lack of communication between each healthcare provider/department. There seems to be no active listening that took place between the discharging doctor and family member. The patient does have her rights however it is to the best interest of provider, family and patient that they are safe when they return to their home base.
Second, there are still pending tests and mobility are very questionable at this point. Assumptions can be dangerous and lead to readmissions from discharges which a hospital base frowns on because they can lose money with readmissions within a certain time frame. (Wolfson, 2017)
There are opportunities for performance improvement in this discharge planning system. The lack of bringing all information together to decide what is a best-case scenario for the patient and family, because 9 times out of 10, family are involved in cases like these. The biggest part of this discharge is to view all the information together to make a consecutive decision. The patient maybe ready in one part of the process but lack in the mobility aspect which can be very hazardous to the patient.
Ideally you would have a discharge planning team in place to help with all angles and concerns of the patient and family prior to discharge. The doctors, therapist, dietician, social services, patient/family and discharge planner need to communicate the needs and appropriate services that maybe needed to have a successful discharge. This patient is ready for discharge from a hospital but also needs extended services. In this case the patient needs to go to a rehab center for a short period before she is sent home to relieve burdens and risk factors for the patient to successfully recover.

Expert Solution Preview
In the hospital discharge planning process highlighted in the discussion, there are several potential issues and areas for improvement. Two of these issues include:
1) Incomplete Physical Therapy Note: The patient is unable to transfer or walk, and the therapist has communicated that the patient is not ready to be discharged for home. However, this information does not seem to have been fully considered by the attending physician in the decision-making process. This lack of communication and coordination between healthcare providers can lead to potential risks and complications for the patient upon discharge.
Opportunity for Performance Improvement: The discharge planning system can be improved by ensuring that all healthcare providers involved in the patient’s care, including physical therapists, have their input properly considered and integrated into the decision-making process. Regular meetings and discussions among the healthcare team, including the physician, therapist, and others, can help to ensure a collaborative approach to discharge planning and prevent premature or inappropriate discharge decisions.
2) Pending Tests and Inconclusive Orders: The pulmonologist has ordered several tests for the patient, but the results have not yet been received by the physician. This incomplete information could result in harm to the patient if they are discharged without fully understanding the test results. The lack of timely and complete communication of test results raises concerns about the coordination and efficiency of the discharge planning process.
Opportunity for Performance Improvement: To address this issue, there should be a standardized process in place for promptly obtaining and sharing test results among healthcare providers involved in the patient’s care. This may include establishing clear protocols for communication between different departments or ensuring that electronic health records are updated in a timely manner. Regular quality assurance audits can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these processes and identify areas for improvement.
To evaluate these opportunities for performance improvement, a process of continuous quality improvement can be implemented. This may involve collecting and analyzing data on discharge outcomes, patient satisfaction, and the frequency of readmissions. Feedback from patients, their families, and healthcare providers can also provide valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the discharge planning system. Based on this evaluation, targeted interventions can be developed and implemented to address the identified issues and enhance the overall effectiveness and safety of the hospital discharge planning process.

MA QHPs and Medicaid MCOs Discussion Nursing Assignment Help

Medicare Advantage, Qualified Health Plans, and Medicaid Managed Care Organizations are often interchangeably confused with one another. Review the article below, specially the chart of key difference. For your Module 4 Discussion, discuss the key differences, pros, and cons of each.Lipschutz, D. & Callow, A. (2015). Comparison of Consumer Protections in Three Health Insurance Markets: Medicare Advantage, Qualified Health Plans and Medicaid Managed Care Organizations. Retrieved from

Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
Medicare Advantage, Qualified Health Plans, and Medicaid Managed Care Organizations are three different types of health insurance options in the United States. While they may have similarities, it is important to understand their key differences, as well as their pros and cons. In this discussion, we will analyze and compare these three insurance options.
Medicare Advantage:
Medicare Advantage, also known as Medicare Part C, is a type of health insurance plan offered by private companies approved by Medicare. It provides all the benefits covered by Original Medicare (Medicare Part A and Part B), and often includes additional benefits such as prescription drug coverage, dental, vision, and hearing services.
Key Differences:
1. Eligibility: Medicare Advantage is available to individuals who are eligible for Medicare Part A and enrolled in Medicare Part B. It is not available to individuals with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), except under certain circumstances.
2. Cost: Medicare Advantage plans may have lower monthly premiums than Original Medicare, but they typically require cost-sharing in the form of copayments, deductibles, and coinsurance.
3. Provider Networks: Medicare Advantage plans often have network restrictions, meaning beneficiaries must use healthcare providers within the plan’s network. Out-of-network services may not be covered, except in emergencies.
4. Additional Benefits: Medicare Advantage plans may offer additional benefits beyond what Original Medicare covers, such as prescription drug coverage, vision, dental, hearing, and wellness programs.
Pros:
1. Comprehensive Coverage: Medicare Advantage plans offer comprehensive coverage, including benefits not covered under Original Medicare.
2. Coordination of Care: These plans often provide care coordination and disease management programs to help beneficiaries navigate the healthcare system and manage their health conditions.
3. More Choices: Medicare Advantage allows beneficiaries to choose from different private insurance companies, giving them more options to meet their specific healthcare needs.
Cons:
1. Network Limitations: Medicare Advantage plans have network restrictions, requiring beneficiaries to use healthcare providers within the plan’s network. This can limit options for seeking care from specific doctors or hospitals.
2. Cost-sharing: While monthly premiums may be lower than Original Medicare, Medicare Advantage plans often require cost-sharing in the form of copayments, deductibles, and coinsurance.
3. Lack of Portability: Medicare Advantage plans may have limited coverage when beneficiaries travel outside their plan’s service area.
Qualified Health Plans:
Qualified Health Plans (QHPs) are health insurance plans that comply with the regulations and requirements set by the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare. These plans are offered through the Health Insurance Marketplace and can be purchased by individuals and families.
Key Differences:
1. Eligibility: QHPs are available to individuals and families who meet certain income requirements and are not eligible for other affordable health insurance options, such as Medicaid or employer-sponsored coverage.
2. Essential Health Benefits: QHPs are required to cover ten essential health benefits, including ambulatory patient services, emergency services, hospitalization, maternity and newborn care, mental health services, prescription drugs, preventive and wellness services, pediatric services, rehabilitative and habilitative services, and laboratory services.
3. Subsidies: QHPs may be eligible for premium tax credits and subsidies, which can help reduce the cost of monthly premiums and out-of-pocket expenses based on income.
Pros:
1. Essential Health Benefits: QHPs provide coverage for essential health benefits, ensuring individuals have access to necessary healthcare services.
2. Subsidies: Eligible individuals may qualify for premium tax credits and subsidies, making health insurance more affordable.
3. Choice and Competition: QHPs offered through the Health Insurance Marketplace provide individuals with a variety of health insurance options and promote competition among insurance companies.
Cons:
1. Limited Enrollment: QHPs have specific open enrollment periods, which restricts individuals from enrolling outside of these periods unless they experience a qualifying life event.
2. Provider Networks: QHPs may have restricted provider networks, requiring individuals to use healthcare providers within the plan’s network.
3. Complexity: Understanding the different plans, coverage options, and subsidies available through the Health Insurance Marketplace can be complex and confusing for individuals.
Medicaid Managed Care Organizations:
Medicaid Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) are health insurance plans that contract with state Medicaid programs to provide healthcare services to Medicaid beneficiaries. These organizations are responsible for managing and coordinating the care for eligible individuals.
Key Differences:
1. Eligibility: Medicaid MCOs are available to individuals who meet the eligibility requirements for Medicaid, including low-income individuals, families, pregnant women, children, and individuals with disabilities.
2. Comprehensive Coverage: Medicaid MCOs offer comprehensive coverage, including a wide range of healthcare services, such as doctor visits, hospital stays, prescription medications, and preventive care.
3. Care Coordination: MCOs focus on care coordination, helping Medicaid beneficiaries navigate the healthcare system and receive necessary healthcare services.
Pros:
1. Comprehensive Coverage: Medicaid MCOs provide comprehensive coverage, ensuring that eligible individuals have access to necessary healthcare services.
2. Care Coordination: These organizations assist with care coordination, which can improve healthcare outcomes and provide better overall care for beneficiaries.
3. Community-based Services: Medicaid MCOs often offer community-based services and support, including care management, case management, and home health services.
Cons:
1. Limited Provider Networks: Medicaid MCOs may have limited provider networks, requiring beneficiaries to use healthcare providers within the plan’s network.
2. Medicaid Expansion: The availability of Medicaid MCOs may vary depending on the state’s decision to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act.
3. Reimbursement Rates: Medicaid MCOs may have lower reimbursement rates for healthcare providers, which can impact access to care for Medicaid beneficiaries.
In conclusion, understanding the key differences, pros, and cons of Medicare Advantage, Qualified Health Plans, and Medicaid Managed Care Organizations is essential for individuals seeking appropriate health insurance coverage. Each option has unique eligibility requirements, coverage benefits, and limitations that should be carefully considered based on individual needs and circumstances.

CU Quality Assurance and Risk Management Discussion Nursing Assignment Help

For this discussion use you’re Measuring Health Care: Using Quality Data for Operational, Financial, and Clinical Improvement by Yosef D. Dlugaczand the Internet to read and review the following:
-Read Chapter 3, “Using Data to Improve Organizational Process,” pages 41–64. This reading helps cement the thoughts behind gathering quality data and how this data is used in health care organizations. This chapter discusses the organizational process, noting the similarities and differences between different types of health care organizations.
-Read Chapter 4, “What to Measure and Why,” pages 65–93. This chapter provides a wonderful discussion on how we measure what we measure and why. While many may think measuring is all about patient satisfaction, it is not. We measure health care to ensure that we are providing the right treatment, at the right time, to the right patient, for the right reasons. Health care quality measurement is a growing field for health care employment.
-Review resources from the American Society for Quality (ASQ) regarding the Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) Cycle. Most health care quality initiatives are based on this simple complex first created by Deming to analyze management issues. This resource provides a nice application for health care use of this valued principle.
-Review the 2009 PQRI Measures List. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) help forge a plan for health care providers to measure and report on quality. The Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) is a very new concept of including physicians and other providers who bill using Common Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. PQRI has front-line providers as part of the data gathering to ensure that evidence-based care is provided to patients. By being part of the PQRI project, physicians and other providers gain financial reimbursement. While providing incentives to physicians to apply evidence-based care may seem odd, the provision of evidence-based care does promise significant overall cost savings and better patient outcomes
***Click Launch Presentation to complete the Indicators of Quality drag and drop exercise. You will be asked to identify indicators of quality. Be prepared to share your experience in this unit’s discussion. I will upload the Indicators of quality sheet.
1. National Organizations: Measuring Quality
Based on the national quality management organization you were assigned in Unit 1, (the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) consider the types of measures that your organization is involved in on the national and local health care scene. 
In a 250- to 300-word response, discuss one specific measure or quality assurance activity that the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality works on. Do you see evidence of these efforts in the hospital or in your community?
.2. Using Data to Improve Organizational Processes
Chapters three and four of the Measuring Health Care Quality textbook concentrate on methods to collect data and to use this data to improve an organizational process. Both chapters provide several case studies to demonstrate this process. Consider the quality process called PDCA (Plan Do Check Act) cycle. From work within an health care organization, consider other situations where data may be collected and used to improve an organizational process.
In a 250- to 300-word substantive post:
-Provide your own unique case study of a process that could be improved within your own organization.
-Discuss what types of data would need to be collected and how that data would be used to seek improvements.
-Provide your post following the Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) method. 

Expert Solution Preview
1. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is involved in numerous measures and quality assurance activities on the national and local healthcare scene. One specific measure that AHRQ works on is patient safety culture. They have developed and implemented the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, which is a tool used to assess the culture of patient safety within healthcare organizations.
This measure aims to evaluate healthcare professionals’ perceptions of patient safety issues, such as communication openness, teamwork, and feedback and communication about errors. By collecting data through surveys, AHRQ can identify areas of strength and areas for improvement in patient safety culture.
In hospitals and communities, evidence of these efforts can be seen through the implementation of strategies to promote patient safety culture. This can include regular safety trainings for healthcare staff, the establishment of reporting systems for adverse events, and the implementation of protocols and guidelines to prevent errors and ensure patient safety. Additionally, hospitals may publicly report their survey results to demonstrate their commitment to patient safety and transparency.
2. Within my organization, there is a process that could be improved involving medication reconciliation during care transitions. Medication reconciliation is essential to ensure patient safety and avoid medication errors. However, there are often gaps in the process during care transitions, such as when a patient is admitted or discharged from the hospital and when they transition between different healthcare settings.
To improve this process, data would need to be collected on medication errors and discrepancies during care transitions. This could be done through incident reports, medication reconciliation audits, and feedback from patients and healthcare providers involved in the transitions.
The collected data would be analyzed to identify common errors and areas for improvement. For example, if the data reveals that medication discrepancies often occur during the transfer of care between the hospital and primary care providers, interventions could be implemented to improve communication between these settings. This may include implementing standardized medication reconciliation processes, providing education and training to healthcare providers, and improving information sharing through electronic health records.
Following the PDCA method, the plan would involve identifying the problem and setting goals, such as reducing medication discrepancies during care transitions by a certain percentage. The do phase would involve implementing the identified interventions. The check phase would involve monitoring and evaluating the impact of these interventions through the collection and analysis of data. Finally, the act phase would involve making adjustments and further improvements based on the findings from the check phase.

Making Decisions Within in Health Care Paper Nursing Assignment Help

Access the “Allied Health Community.”  Read the Home Care scenario for this course and complete the following assignment:
Write a 1,000-1,250-word paper that identifies the steps associated with making decisions within in health care. 

What types of conflict were present among the employees in the home health company?
What would have been the best decision-making model to use in this case study, why?
How would you use negotiation models to resolve conflict in this situation?

Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
In the field of healthcare, decision-making plays a crucial role in providing quality patient care and ensuring the smooth functioning of healthcare organizations. This paper will explore the steps associated with making decisions within the context of healthcare, using the scenario provided in the Home Care course of the Allied Health Community. The scenario involves conflicts among employees in a home health company, requiring the identification of the types of conflict, the most suitable decision-making model, and the use of negotiation models to resolve the conflict.
1. What types of conflict were present among the employees in the home health company?
In the home health company scenario, multiple conflicts can be observed among the employees. These conflicts can be categorized into two main types:
a. Interpersonal Conflict: This type of conflict arises between individuals due to personal differences, incompatible goals, or clashes of opinions. In the scenario, employees had differing opinions on the best approach to patient care. For example, some employees believed in a more hands-on approach, while others favored a more relaxed and independent patient care model. This led to tensions and disagreements among the employees, resulting in interpersonal conflict.
b. Task Conflict: Task conflict occurs when individuals have differing opinions or approaches regarding the completion of a task or achieving specific goals. In the home health company scenario, the employees differed in their views on how to manage their workload efficiently. Some employees wanted to prioritize specific tasks, while others believed in addressing all tasks simultaneously. This difference in task-related opinions led to conflicts and hindered effective decision-making within the organization.
2. What would have been the best decision-making model to use in this case study, why?
In the given case study, the best decision-making model to use would be the Rational Decision-Making Model. This model involves a systematic approach that includes the following steps:
a. Identifying and Defining the Problem: The conflicts among the employees in the home health company indicate a problem with decision-making and collaboration. By recognizing the problem, the organization can prioritize resolving the conflicts and improving communication.
b. Gathering Relevant Information: To make informed decisions, it is crucial to gather all necessary information related to the conflicts and employee perspectives. Understanding the underlying reasons for conflicts and the impact on patient care will aid in finding effective solutions.
c. Evaluating Alternatives: In this step, various strategies and alternatives to manage conflicts can be explored. This may involve restructuring work schedules, implementing additional training programs, or fostering open communication channels within the organization. Evaluating these alternatives will ensure a comprehensive consideration of all available options.
d. Selecting the Best Solution: Based on the evaluation of alternatives, the organization can identify the solution that is most suitable for addressing the conflicts. This decision should consider the long-term impact on employee satisfaction, patient care outcomes, and the overall functioning of the home health company.
e. Implementing and Evaluating the Chosen Solution: Once the solution is selected, it needs to be implemented effectively. Regular evaluation and feedback mechanisms should be established to assess the effectiveness of the chosen solution and make necessary adjustments if needed.
The Rational Decision-Making Model is the most appropriate in this case study as it promotes a systematic approach and ensures that decisions are based on a thorough analysis of the problem and available alternatives.
3. How would you use negotiation models to resolve conflict in this situation?
To resolve conflicts in this situation, negotiation models can be employed. The following negotiation models can be useful:
a. Integrative Negotiation: This model focuses on creating win-win situations by seeking collaborative solutions that address the interests of all parties involved. By encouraging open dialogues and facilitating effective communication among the employees, integrative negotiation can help find mutually beneficial solutions to conflicts within the home health company. For instance, the employees can engage in discussions to understand each other’s perspectives and work together to develop a patient care model that combines aspects of both the hands-on and independent approaches.
b. Principled Negotiation: Also known as the Harvard Negotiation Project model, principled negotiation emphasizes fairness, focusing on the problem rather than personal differences. This model encourages employees to separate their emotions from the conflicts and engage in principled discussions to reach a consensus. By adhering to the principles of fairness, generating options, maintaining open communication, and insisting on objective criteria, principled negotiation can effectively resolve conflicts within the home health company.
c. Mediation: Mediation involves a neutral third party who facilitates discussions between conflicting parties and helps them reach a resolution. A mediator can be appointed within the home health company to mediate the conflicts between the employees. The mediator will provide a safe environment for open discussions, mediate disputes, help identify common ground, and guide employees towards finding mutually agreeable solutions. This approach can be particularly helpful when conflicts become difficult to resolve through direct negotiations among the employees.
By incorporating negotiation models such as integrative negotiation, principled negotiation, and mediation, the conflicts within the home health company can be effectively resolved, laying the foundation for improved decision-making and a more harmonious working environment.
Conclusion:
Effective decision-making and conflict resolution are crucial in the healthcare industry. By identifying the types of conflict present, utilizing appropriate decision-making models, and incorporating negotiation models, organizations can navigate conflicts successfully, improve collaboration among employees, and enhance patient care outcomes. The scenario in the Home Care course of the Allied Health Community demonstrates how conflicts can be addressed and resolved in a home health company setting, promoting a positive and productive work culture.

Florida National University Health in the Global Community Discussion Nursing Assignment Help

Health in the Global Community.
Women’s health.
Read chapter 15 and 17 of the class textbook and review the attached PowerPoint presentation.  Once done, answer the following questions;
1.  Describe globalization and international patterns of health and disease.
2.  Identify international health care organizations and how they collaborate to improve global nursing and health care.
3.  Identify and discuss the major indicators of women’s health.
4.  Identify and discuss the barriers to adequate health care for women.

Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
In this assignment, we will be discussing topics related to health in the global community and women’s health. By reading the assigned chapters, reviewing the attached PowerPoint presentation, and conducting further research, we will explore concepts such as globalization and international patterns of health and disease, international health care organizations and their collaboration, major indicators of women’s health, and barriers to adequate health care for women. Let’s delve into each question and provide comprehensive answers.
Answer 1:
Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness, integration, and interdependence of countries and peoples worldwide. It encompasses the flow of goods, services, capital, and information across borders. In the context of health, globalization has both positive and negative impacts. International patterns of health and disease demonstrate how health outcomes vary between countries and across regions.
Globalization has led to improvements in health by facilitating the dissemination of medical knowledge, technologies, and treatments. It has also created opportunities for collaboration and cooperation among countries in addressing global health challenges. However, it has also given rise to new health threats such as the spread of infectious diseases, environmental degradation, and lifestyle-related diseases.
Answer 2:
There are several international health care organizations that collaborate to improve global nursing and health care. These organizations play a crucial role in addressing global health challenges, promoting health equity, and enhancing health care delivery worldwide. Some of these organizations include:
1. World Health Organization (WHO): WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. It provides leadership in shaping the global health agenda, setting norms and standards, and coordinating responses to health emergencies.
2. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF): UNICEF works to improve the health and well-being of children worldwide. It collaborates with governments, NGOs, and other partners to provide essential health services, promote immunization, combat malnutrition, and prevent the spread of diseases.
3. Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders): MSF is an international medical humanitarian organization that provides emergency medical assistance in crisis situations and underserved areas. It delivers medical care, advocates for improved access to health care, and raises awareness about health issues affecting vulnerable populations.
4. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI): GAVI is an international partnership that aims to increase access to immunization in the world’s poorest countries. It supports the development and delivery of vaccines, strengthens health systems, and promotes equitable vaccine distribution.
These organizations collaborate through various mechanisms, including sharing expertise, coordinating programs, conducting research, and advocating for policy changes to improve global nursing and health care.
Answer 3:
Major indicators of women’s health provide insights into the unique health needs and challenges faced by women. Some of the key indicators include:
1. Maternal Health: Maternal health indicators measure the health and well-being of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. These indicators include maternal mortality ratio, antenatal care coverage, skilled birth attendance, and postpartum contraception utilization.
2. Reproductive Health: Reproductive health indicators focus on various aspects of women’s reproductive well-being, such as contraceptive prevalence, adolescent birth rate, prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, and access to reproductive health services.
3. Gender-Based Violence: Gender-based violence indicators measure the prevalence of violence against women, including intimate partner violence, sexual violence, and harmful practices such as female genital mutilation. These indicators help identify the extent of violence and inform strategies for prevention and support services.
4. Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs): Non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and diabetes, have a significant impact on women’s health. Indicators related to NCDs include prevalence rates, access to screening and treatment, and mortality rates.
Answer 4:
Barriers to adequate health care for women can stem from various factors, including social, cultural, economic, and systemic challenges. Some common barriers include:
1. Gender Inequality: Discrimination based on gender can limit women’s access to health care services and resources. Unequal power dynamics, societal norms, and gender stereotypes contribute to disparities in health care utilization.
2. Lack of Education and Awareness: Limited access to education and health-related information can hinder women’s understanding of their health needs and available services. Lack of awareness about reproductive health, family planning, and prevention measures may prevent women from seeking appropriate care.
3. Economic Constraints: Financial limitations can impede women’s ability to access health care services. Poverty, unequal distribution of resources, and high costs of care can prevent women from seeking timely and appropriate treatment.
4. Cultural and Social Norms: Cultural practices, societal expectations, and traditional gender roles can restrict women’s autonomy and decision-making power regarding their health. These norms may discourage women from seeking health care, particularly in cases of reproductive health and gender-sensitive issues.
5. Health System Challenges: Inadequate health infrastructure, insufficient resources, and a lack of gender-sensitive policies can contribute to barriers in accessing quality health care. Limited availability of female healthcare providers and culturally inappropriate services can further add to the challenges faced by women.
Addressing these barriers requires a comprehensive approach involving education, policy changes, advocacy, and strengthening health systems to ensure equitable access to adequate healthcare for women.
Conclusion:
In this assignment, we have explored the concepts of globalization and international patterns of health and disease. We have identified international health care organizations that collaborate to improve global nursing and health care. Furthermore, we have discussed the major indicators of women’s health and the barriers to adequate health care for women. By understanding these topics, medical college students will gain valuable insights into the complex and interconnected nature of health in the global community and women’s health. Through their knowledge and efforts, they can contribute to improving health outcomes and addressing the challenges faced by women worldwide.

AU Is the US Population Unhealthy & Health Care Delivery Discussions Nursing Assignment Help

DISCUSSION 1:
Cost and Healthcare
In a recent election, on a national debate stage, a political candidate declared that “no American has ever died for lack of health care”. It is true that hospitals are required by the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA), a federal law to stabilize and treat all patients, regardless of their insurance status or ability to pay. It is an unfunded mandate with hospital emergency rooms bearing the entire burden of the cost. Outside the boundaries of this act, un/underinsured patients surely do die for a lack of health care.
Have you or anyone you know been in this situation? How would someone feel if they were in a position where they could not afford treatment?  In the movie, “John Q”, John Quincy Archibald’s son Michael collapses while playing baseball as a result of heart failure. John rushes Michael to a hospital emergency room where he is informed that Michael’s only hope is a transplant. Unfortunately, John’s insurance won’t cover his son’s transplant. Out of options, John Q. takes extreme measures to save his son. While a compelling film, it is certainly from one point of view and sensationalized. Health care professionals must always be tasked with seeing all points of view with objectivity.
Question the impact of being uninsured.
Include the following aspects in the discussion:

Think of a time when you or someone you know did not seek medical care due to cost
What was the result?
Discuss if you would support paying more in taxes to have a national insurance program that covered every citizen

DISCUSSION 2:
Is the U.S. Population Unhealthy?
Health-related behavior represents a prime target for improving the nation’s health. Today’s leading cases of disease and death are preventable chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and asthma), and behavioral risk factors play a critical role in their development and management. Obesity is common, serious and costly problem in the U.S. Obesity affected about 93.3 million of US adults in 2015~2016. Fast food consumption has been linked to higher caloric intake and greater risk for obesity. As an increasing number of consumers are dining at fast food restaurants, policy makers are turning their attention to environmental and policy approaches that influence consumer choice, including mandated calorie menu labels in fast food restaurants. The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act included a provision requiring restaurants with more than 20 locations nationwide to post calorie information at the point of purchase.
Watch the following video: Supersize me
Explore the effectiveness of healthy living education.
Include each of the following aspects in the discussion:

Do you think the posting of calorie counts will change behavior when ordering food?
Has it changed your behavior?
Suggest education that might influence diet and food choices
Discuss if insurance premiums and health care charges should reflect a person’s unhealthy life style  

Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
These two discussions focus on important aspects of healthcare in the United States. The first discussion examines the impact of being uninsured, while the second discussion explores the effectiveness of healthy living education. Both topics highlight the challenges and considerations that arise when it comes to providing access to healthcare and promoting healthy behaviors.
Answer to Discussion 1:
Being uninsured can have a significant impact on an individual’s ability to seek medical care. There may be instances when individuals or their acquaintances are unable to afford treatment due to financial constraints. In such cases, the result can be detrimental to their health and well-being.
For example, I had a close friend who postponed seeking medical attention for persistent abdominal pain because he was concerned about the cost. As a result, his condition worsened and he eventually had to undergo emergency surgery, leading to a longer recovery time and increased medical expenses. This situation demonstrates the real-life consequences of being uninsured and avoiding medical care due to cost concerns.
Considering the scenario provided, it becomes crucial to discuss the potential benefits of a national insurance program that covers every citizen, even if it means paying higher taxes. Such a program would ensure that individuals have access to healthcare regardless of their financial situation. By pooling resources through taxes, the burden of healthcare costs could be shared more equitably among the population.
Answer to Discussion 2:
The posting of calorie counts in fast food restaurants is an initiative aimed at promoting healthier food choices. While it may not single-handedly change behavior when ordering food, it does have the potential to create awareness and influence decision-making.
In my case, seeing calorie counts on menus has indeed influenced my behavior. I have become more conscious of the nutritional content of the food I consume and make an effort to choose healthier options. This suggests that education, in the form of visible calorie information, can be effective in promoting healthier dietary choices.
In addition to calorie counts, it is essential to implement comprehensive education programs that address the broader aspects of diet and food choices. These programs should focus on providing information about balanced nutrition, portion sizes, and the importance of incorporating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains into daily meals. By educating individuals about the benefits of healthy eating, we can empower them to make informed choices and improve their overall health.
Furthermore, the question of whether insurance premiums and healthcare charges should reflect a person’s unhealthy lifestyle is complex. While it seems logical for individuals who engage in unhealthy behaviors to bear some responsibility, it is important to approach this issue with sensitivity and fairness. It may be more effective to incentivize healthy behaviors through reduced premiums or discounts on healthcare services, rather than imposing punitive charges. This approach encourages positive change and supports individuals in making healthier choices.
Conclusion:
These discussions highlight the importance of addressing healthcare access and promoting healthy behaviors. The experiences shared and the considerations raised provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and society as a whole. By understanding these issues, we can work towards creating a healthcare system that is equitable, accessible, and supportive of individuals’ well-being.

SC Health & Medical Controlling the Health of Americans Discussion Nursing Assignment Help

Help me study for my Health & Medical class. I’m stuck and don’t understand.

Controlling the Health of America
Obesity has become a major health issue in the US. Currently 66% of the adult population is overweight with over 30% being considered obese. The percentage of children with obesity in the United States has tripled since the 1970’s. Today one in five school-age children (ages 6-19) is considered obese. One of the major causes for the increases in adult and childhood obesity rates is the consumption of high sugar content beverages (primarily soda type beverages). In an effort to try and stem the tide in the rise in obesity, states and/or cities are implementing taxes on these sugary drinks.

Read the most current articles regarding soda taxes by clicking on the following links. (Links to an external site.). 
The law passed by San Francisco in 2015 would require beverage advertisements within city limits to include warnings that drinking sugary drinks contribute to health issues and is part of a campaign to reduce consumption of sweet beverages as a way to combat obesity, diabetes, heart disease and tooth decay.
(Links to an external site.)
In June, 2018, the state of California struck a bargain with the major soda companies that would prevent cities from imposing any new taxes on groceries (soda, beverages, etc..) until 2030, effectively reducing the effect of the Berkeley tax had on soda sales and the lost revenue.

(Links to an external site.)

Just recently in January 2019, the federal court blocked San Francisco law requiring health warnings on advertisements for soda and other sugary drinks, arguing that the law violates constitutionally protected commercial speech.
Two recent studies (Feb. and May 2019, JAMA) state that the taxes may actually be working in reducing consumption of sugary beverages.

Some say that this is an example of government control, while other applaud the decision. You still have the freedom of choice, drink sodas and sugary drinks if you want or don’t drink them. 
Should cities be allowed to implement such a tax? Support your position with the evidence you find most compelling.
If you are for the tax, state the ways in which you think the tax revenue will best be spent.
If you are against the tax, try to suggest alternative ways of dealing with the obesity and diabetes epidemics.

Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
The issue of obesity has become a prominent health concern in the United States. With a significant portion of the population being overweight or obese, there is a need for effective strategies to combat this problem. One proposed solution is the implementation of taxes on sugary beverages, which are considered one of the major contributors to obesity rates. In this essay, we will explore whether cities should be allowed to implement such a tax, considering the evidence supporting both sides of the argument. Additionally, we will discuss the potential use of tax revenue if one supports the tax, or suggest alternative approaches to address the obesity and diabetes epidemics for those who are against the tax.
Answer:
The decision regarding whether cities should be allowed to implement taxes on sugary beverages is a complex issue with considerations from multiple perspectives. Those in favor of the tax argue that it can effectively reduce the consumption of high-sugar drinks, thereby addressing the obesity epidemic. The evidence supporting this position includes recent studies published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) which indicate that such taxes have been successful in reducing the consumption of sugary beverages.
These studies offer compelling evidence for the effectiveness of soda taxes in decreasing the consumption of high-sugar drinks, which in turn can potentially lead to a reduction in obesity rates. By decreasing the affordability and accessibility of these beverages, taxes may discourage individuals, especially children, from consuming excessive amounts of sugary drinks. This, in turn, may have a positive impact on public health, aiming to combat obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and tooth decay, as it was addressed in San Francisco’s 2015 law requiring health warning on soda advertisements.
If one supports the tax, it is important to consider how the generated revenue can be best utilized. One proposed approach is to allocate the tax revenue towards public health initiatives. This may include funding programs that promote education and awareness about the importance of a healthy diet and lifestyle. Additionally, these funds can be used to facilitate access to nutritious foods, especially in low-income communities where obesity rates tend to be higher. Investing in community-based initiatives, such as subsidized gym memberships or free exercise classes, may also help individuals adopt healthier habits.
On the other hand, those against the tax argue that it represents unnecessary government control over personal choices. They believe that individuals should be free to make their own decisions when it comes to their consumption habits. Moreover, they argue that a tax on sugary beverages may disproportionately affect low-income individuals who rely on these beverages due to their affordability. For those who oppose the tax, alternative approaches to address the obesity and diabetes epidemics should be considered.
One alternative approach could involve implementing comprehensive education campaigns that promote nutritional literacy and encourage individuals to make healthier choices. This can be done through collaborations between healthcare professionals, educational institutions, and community organizations. By empowering individuals with accurate knowledge about nutrition, they can make informed decisions about their diet and lifestyle. Additionally, emphasizing the importance of physical activity and making it more accessible to all individuals, regardless of socioeconomic status, can also be a part of this approach.
In conclusion, the issue of whether cities should be allowed to implement taxes on sugary beverages is a multifaceted one. While evidence suggests that such taxes can be effective in reducing the consumption of high-sugar drinks, it is important to consider alternative approaches for those who oppose this taxation strategy. Ultimately, addressing the obesity and diabetes epidemics requires a comprehensive approach that incorporates education, accessibility to nutritious foods, and a supportive environment for individuals to make healthier choices.

jfnkjfkjfkjvfkjf fklmflkmvlkv Response to a post Nursing Assignment Help

response to the following with 300 words, APA style
After reviewing both the FIRM and PESTLE models of Risk Classification Systems, I have found them both to be useful in their own ways. As I was reviewing the two, I was thinking about which method I can utilize for the Hospital/Healthcare Industry. The specific risks I identified when incorporating the models where large disasters that could impact the hospital such as hurricane, or even highly infections disease outbreak. I also was thinking about certain government regulations such as CMS Emergency Preparedness Rule and how that has impacted the hospitals also. After much thinking of both and how they would be great in evaluating risks for a healthcare facility I decided to go with the FIRM Model over the PESTLE for this discussion. Not that there is anything wrong with the PESTLE. I believe it would work great determining risk. According to Hopkin, P. (2017) The PESTLE Model needs to be undertaken on a regular basis to be effective. Which made me think that this model could be costly and time consuming especially for a small hospital or healthcare network that doesn’t have the time to put into long research and data sources. I placed myself in a position of being the Risk Manager of a healthcare facility and if I was asked to perform a FIRM Model pertaining to if the hospital had an Ebola Patient or other highly infectious disease patient what would the risks or impacts it would have in the facility. Financially, the risks could be the use of staff and how much staff it would take to take care of the patient(s) at the facility. Also the purchase of personal protective equipment that the staff need to protect themselves from the disease. Infrastructure risks could be the large amount of cleaning that would need to be done to ensure staff and patients they would not be exposed or infected by the highly infectious disease. Also, making sure the rooms the highly infectious disease patient would have to have a separate air handling system to ensure the highly infectious disease is not airborne. Reputational, once word gets out that a highly infectious disease patient is at the facility, media outlets and social media will be following what is going on at the hospital. Rumors could spread and cause major issues for the facility by not getting out in front of the media blitz. According to article written by McCann, E. (2014) Emergency room visits, for instance, sank a staggering 50 percent compared to the first nine months of the year, representing a loss of 2,336 visits for the hospital, according to an October 22 financial disclosure filed by the 25-hospital Texas Health Resources, parent company of TH Presbyterian. Marketplace; the way the Hospital does business after treating patients with HID can go either way. One way it could show that the hospital/healthcare system is prepared and ready to treat patients that cant be treated anywhere else locally or regionally which could expand the marketplace into different specialty care. Or it if the facility does happens to have missteps in the process of taking care of the HID patients, it could hinder their facility’s everyday business and could have to close.
References:
Hopkin, P. (2017). Fundamentals of Risk Management, Understanding evaluating and implementing risk management. 4th Edition. IRM. London, England
McCann, E. (2014). Texas Health Presbyterian Takes Financial Hit after Ebola Crisis. Healthcare Finance. Retrieved:

Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
Risk classification systems are essential tools for evaluating and managing risks in the healthcare industry. In particular, the FIRM (Financial, Infrastructure, Reputational, Marketplace) model and the PESTLE (Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Legal, Environmental) model have proven to be effective in identifying and assessing risks. This discussion focuses on the selection of the FIRM model over the PESTLE model for evaluating risks in a healthcare facility, with a specific scenario involving the presence of a highly infectious disease patient.
Answer:
In the context of the healthcare industry, both the FIRM and PESTLE models can be valuable in evaluating risks. However, for the specific scenario of dealing with a highly infectious disease (HID) patient, the FIRM model is more suitable. The FIRM model examines risks across four dimensions: Financial, Infrastructure, Reputational, and Marketplace.
Financial risks related to HID patients involve the allocation of resources, including staff, personal protective equipment, and potential financial losses. Taking care of HID patients typically requires a higher staff-to-patient ratio, increasing labor costs. Additionally, acquiring appropriate personal protective equipment can be expensive. Therefore, using the FIRM model aids in identifying and managing these financial risks.
Infrastructure risks associated with HID patients entail taking measures to prevent the spread of the disease within the facility. This includes extensive cleaning and the need for separate air handling systems, which can strain existing infrastructure. By utilizing the FIRM model, healthcare facilities can identify and address these infrastructure risks effectively.
Reputational risks are critical, as HID patients often attract media attention and public scrutiny. By promptly addressing media perceptions and ensuring transparent communication, healthcare facilities can mitigate the potential negative reputation impacts. The FIRM model assists in evaluating and managing these reputational risks associated with HID patients.
The Marketplace dimension of the FIRM model highlights the potential effects of HID patients on a healthcare facility’s business. A facility that effectively handles HID cases can demonstrate expertise and attract patients seeking specialized care. Conversely, missteps in managing HID patients can result in a loss of trust and damage to the facility’s reputation, potentially leading to a decline in business. The FIRM model enables healthcare facilities to assess and adapt their marketplace strategies accordingly.
In conclusion, while both the FIRM and PESTLE models offer valuable perspectives on risk classification, the FIRM model proves more practical and efficient for evaluating risks associated with highly infectious disease patients in the healthcare industry. By considering the financial, infrastructure, reputational, and marketplace dimensions, healthcare facilities can effectively identify and manage the risks inherent in managing HID patients.