Which assessments are required to determine whether Ian needs to lose weight?
Assignment InstructionsPick one of the following four case studies and respond to the questions. Your response should be 300 words or more. Be sure to use references (APA formatting is suggested) to support your answers. Here is an excellent reference: https://www.eatrightpro.org/-/media/eatrightpro-files/practice/position-and-practice-papers/position-papers/nutritionathleticperf.pdfCase 1: VitaminsRoger is a starting guard on his college basketball team. He is a leader on his team, stays after practice to work on his shots, and is busy with academic and community life on campus. Because of his hectic schedule, he has little time for meal planning, grocery shopping, and food preparation. Dinner is usually consumed at the athletics training table during the week, and the rest of his meals are costumed either at home or at local restaurants. A 3-day food record kept by Roger recently was analyzed using a nutrition software program. The analysis revealed overall energy intake was not meeting his estimated needs, and vitamins A, C, and folate were consistently low throughout the three days. The rest of the vitamins and minerals met the minimum RDA or AI requirements.What questions should you ask Roger about his typical daily diet?What recommendations do you have for Roger to improve his dietary intake of vitamins and his energy intake?How can you help Roger meet these recommendations?ORCase 2: MineralsAnne participates in triathlons. Recently, in a half-Ironman race, she experienced nausea, intestinal cramping, and diarrhea on the run, leading to poor performance. The entire race took her nearly 6.5 hours. During the bike portion, she consumed 100 oz of a relatively new sports beverage that she has been training with this year, as well as two gels. On the run, she consumed sips of the sports beverage provided on the course but switched over to water once she started experiencing nausea, cramping, and diarrhea. She was frustrated by her performance and wants to ensure that it does not happen again. You ask Anne to bring in the new sports beverage she has been consuming so that you can review the Supplement Facts label. Per 8 oz. serving, the following nutrients are provided: 60 calories, 15 g carbohydrates, 0 g protein, 0 g fat, 100 mg sodium, 50 mg calcium, 30 mg magnesium, and 100 mg potassium.What could be a potential cause of Annes nausea, intestinal cramping, and diarrhea during the race?How does Annes new sports beverage compare with others on the market?What recommendations would you give to Anne to prevent the symptoms from occurring in future races?ORCase 3: FluidsChad is a collegiate lacrosse player in Arizona. During the preseason and in-season training, the team will practice for hours, often in 80- to 90-degree weather. The coach incorporates fluid breaks during practice; however, he allows the athletes to consume only water. The coach believes that sports beverages hinder performance and therefore forbids the athletes to consume them. The athletes complain of feeling fatigued, lethargic, and light-headed by the end of practices.What are the problems in this scenario?What should the athletes do to feel better throughout their practices?What hydration principles should the athletes follow?ORCase 4: Weight ManagementIan is an 18-year-old gymnast training in a private gym with many other male and female gymnasts. He is competing at an advanced level and is likely to make the next Olympic team. Lately, he has been finding some of his balance and strength moves on the rings and parallel bars more difficult. He has gone through a bit of a growth spurt and has gained approximately 5 pounds over the last year. He suspects the weight gain is causing his performance difficulties. He decides to try a weight loss program that will help you lose weight before his next big competition in six weeks. He is not sure how many calories to consume and therefore, arbitrarily decided to eat 1,500 kcal per day.Which assessments are required to determine whether Ian needs to lose weight?What type of diet and exercise plan would you recommend for Ian?What additional concerns do you have for Ians health and sports performance?Overview of Grading Rubric:Points (100 total)Content33Answered each question for the selected case22Question responses are substantial and thoughtful15References used to support answer10Free of grammar and spelling errors10Greater than 300 words10Submitted by the due date
Develop a composite analysis on internal factor strategy analysis based on the qualitative and quantitative analytical outcomes from those steps above.
Project 3: Internal Environmental Analysis (Week 6)NOTE: You are expected to understand the Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism Policy, and know that it is your responsibility to learn about instructor and general academic expectations with regard to proper citation of sources as specified in the APAPublication Manual, 6th Ed. (Students are held accountable for in-text citations and an associated reference list only).Purpose:This project is the third of four projects. Students will perform an internal environmental analysis using the tools and concepts learned in the course to date. You will also draw from previous business courses to develop an understanding of how organizations develop and manage strategies to establish, safeguard and sustain its position in a competitive market.Students also have the opportunity to review an organizations objectives and goals and the key functional areas within the organization. Performing an internal environment analysis helps assess a firms internal resources and capabilities and plays a critical role in formulating strategy by identifying a firms strengths to capitalize on so that it can effectively overcome weaknesses.Outcomes Met With This Project:utilize a set of useful analytical skills, tools, and techniques for analyzing a company strategically;integrate ideas, concepts, and theories from previously taken functional courses including, accounting, finance, market, business and human resource management;analyze and synthesize strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to generate, prioritize, and implement alternative strategies in order to revise a current plan or write a new plan and present a strategic plan.Instructions:Step 1: Specific Company for All Four ProjectsThe companies that your instructor has assigned to you for Project 1 is the company you will use for this project. The assigned company must be used for this project and in subsequent projects in the course. Students must complete the project using the assigned company. Deviating from the assigned company will result in a zero for the project.After reading the course material, you will complete the steps below. Step 2: Course Materials and ResearchYou are required to research information about the focal company and the internal environment for this project, You are accountable for using the course materials to support the ideas, reasoning and conclusions made. Course materials use goes beyond defining terms but is used to explain the why and how of a situation. Using one or two in-text citations from the course materials and then relying on Internet source material will not earn many points on the assignment. A variety of source material is expected and what is presented must be relevant and applicable to the topic being discussed. Avoid merely making statements but close the loop of the discussion by explaining how something happens or why something happens, which focuses on importance and impact. In closing the loop, you will demonstrate the ability to think clearly and rationally showing an understanding of the logical connections between the ideas presented from the research, the course material and the question(s) being asked.Note: Your report is based on the results of the research performed and not on any prepared documentation. What this means is that you will research and draw your own conclusions that are supported by the research and the course material rather than the use any source material that puts together any of the tools or techniques whether from the Internet, for-pay websites or any pre-prepared document, video or source material. A zero will be earned for not doing your own analysis.Success: The analysis is based on research and not opinion. You are not making recommendations and you will not attempt to position the focal company in a better or worse light than other companies within the industry merely because you are completing an analysis on this particular company. The analysis must be based on factual information. Any conclusions drawn have to be based on factual information rather than leaps of faith.To ensure success, as stated above, you are expected to use the course materials and research on the focal companys global industry and the focal company. Opinion does not earn credit nor does using external sources when course materials can be used. It is necessary to provide explanations (the why and how) rather than making statements. Avoid stringing one citation after another as doing so does not show detailed explanations.Library ResourcesOn the main navigation bar in the classroom select, Resources and then select Library. Select Databases by Title (A Z). Select M from the alphabet list, and then select Mergent Online. You may also use Market Line and should be looking at the focal companys Annual Report or 10K report. You are not depending on any one resource to complete the analysis. It is impossible to complete a Porters Five Forces, competitive analysis or OT by using only course material.You should not be using obscure articles, GlassDoor, or Chron or similar articles.Research for Financial Analysis: Financial ResearchResearch for Industry Analysis CSI MarketScholarly Research in OneSearch is allowed.To search for only scholarly resources, you are expected to place a check mark in the space for Scholarly journals only before clicking search.You should not be using obscure articles, GlassDoor, or Chron or similar articles.Research for Financial Analysis: Financial ResearchResearch for Industry Analysis CSI MarketStep 3: How to Set Up theReportThe document has to be written in Word or rtf. No other format is acceptable. No pdf files will be graded. Use 12-point font for a double-spaced report. The final product cannot be longer than 16 pages in length, which includes all tables and matrices but excludes the title page and reference page. Do no use an Appendix. Those items identified in the technical analysis should appear under the appropriate heading in the paper. It is important to format the tables/matrices to fit the report and to present the analysis in a clear concise manner.Create a title page with title, your name, the course number, the instructors name;Use this template to complete the project: Project 3 Template.Step 4: Strategic Role of Corporate Strengths/Weaknesses in the Internal Strategy AnalysisThere are three levels of strategy: corporate level strategy, business level strategy and functional level strategy. Corporate level strategies are related to businesses or markets the focal company successfully can compete within. Corporate level strategies affect the entire organization and are formulated by top management using input from middle and lower management. Decision making about corporate level strategies are considered complex, affect the entire company and relate to an organizations resource capabilities. Corporate level strategies align with an organizations mission statement and ideally are designed around goals and objectives.Perform an analysis on:Corporate-level strategiesCreate a partial SWOT table and performs a SW analysis and discuss the strategic inferences/implications (Discuss what strategies would allow the company to capitalize on its major strengths and what strategies would allow the company to improve upon its major weaknesses.)Create an IFE matrix analysis. Make sure to explain how the matrix was developed and discuss the strategic inferences/implicationsDevelop a Grand Strategy Matrix. Make sure to explain how the matrix was developed and discuss the strategic inferences/implications at a corporate level and business-unit-level.Step 5: Strategic Role of Internal Resources/Departments/ProcessesPerform an analysis on:Business-level strategiesEvaluate the companys product line, target marketIdentify and explain business-level strategiesFunctional-level strategiesAssess the companys organizational structure, the organizational culture, marketing production, operations, finance and accounting, and RD that can be accomplished by viewing the companys website, interviews, and surveys.Explain how these strategies align with the companys vision and mission statements.Step 6: Strategic Financial Analysis for the Last Reported Fiscal YearUse the companys income statement and balance sheet tocalculateno less than a total of ten (10) keyfinancial ratios to the business that are relevant to the focal company. There must be a mix of four different key categories inclusive of the leverage, liquidity, profitability, and efficiency ratios so that the ratios do not all come from the same category. The specific ratios selection must come from the following categories.Leverage Ratios (Long term debt ratio, Total debt ratio, Debt-to-equity ratio, Times interest earned ratio, and Cash coverage ratio).Liquidity Ratios (Net working capital to total assets ratio, current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio)Efficiency Ratios (Asset turnover ratio, Average collection period, Inventory turnover ratio, and Days sales outstanding)Profitability Ratios (Net profit margin, Return on assets, and Return on equity)The selection of the ratios has to be relevant to the focal company so it is important to choose wisely.Quote industry financial average ratios that correlate to the 10 financial ratios selected for the focal company. You may find the industry averages by going to the library. If you are unable to find on your own, reach out to the librarian as these resources are readily available.Discuss the corporate financial standing based on a financial ratio analysis. Include whether the companys financial ratio is a strength, a weakness or a neutral factor.Note: If copied directly from the Internet, a zero will be assigned. When placing any table or figure in a table, it must be explained in detail.Step 7: Composite AnalysisA composite analysis is one in which you will bring in a combination of relevant factors from the various analyses (EFE Matrix, IFE matrix, CPM matrix, SWOT, Grand Strategy Matrix and QSPM). The QSPM is a tool that helps determine the relative attractiveness of feasible alternative strategies based on the external and internal key success factors.Develop a Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) analysis. Make sure to discuss how the matrix was developed and discuss the strategic inferences/implications.Develop a composite analysis on internal factor strategy analysis based on the qualitative and quantitative analytical outcomes from those steps above.Step 8: Review the PaperRead the paper to ensure all required elements are present.The following are specific requirements that you will follow. Use the checklist to mark off that you have followed each specific requirement.
Explain why you need WAN connectivity for your network. Is it because you need to connect geographically dispersed branches and clients?
please see the file attached, the topic is doctorondemand app, you need to fillProject Milestone 4 part only, also follow the information already filled in for the previous partsSubmission: Network Requirements 3 due by end of Week 5Please usethe Network Requirements 3/Milestone 4 page of theproject submission template,and save it as a Word document file calledMIS589_Lastname_Firstname_Project.docx.Milestone 4/Network Requirements 3 is due by end of Week 5.Please submit the entire project document (including all milestones completed so far) in the Dropbox for Week 5.I. Network Requirements 3 Guidance1. Role of WANExplain why you need WAN connectivity for your network. Is it because you need to connect geographically dispersed branches and clients? Do you need WAN connectivity to an Internet service provider? If your clients are geographically separated, would they need WAN connectivity to access your service? What kind of traffic do you expect to pass through each of these WAN links? What are some of the WAN options that are possible for your network? Explain what will be your choice for WAN services? Find out examples of some of the WAN service providers who can provide the required WAN service for your network.2.Role of the InternetExplain the role of Internet in your network? If you choose to use private WAN service instead of the public Internet for your service, explain about your decision to do so. Explain the pros and cons of using Internet to send and receive business and client data.II. Grading Rubric: Milestone 4Network Requirements 3 (60 points)Summary of WAN and Internet requirements for the proposed network (max 200 words) (5 points)Role of WAN: 2.a: Need for WAN connectivity (10 points); 2.b: traffic through the WAN (5 points); 2.c: possible WAN options (5 points); 2.d: explain your choice for WAN service (10 points)Role of the Internet: 3.a: role of Internet in your network (10 points); 3.b pro and cons of using Internet in business (10 points)Quality work, editing, and clear language (5 points)
How did Darwins theory of natural selection impact the motive and justification of European imperialism after 1859?
Describe the social, economic and political factors that led to the second wave of European colonial expansion. How did the rise of imperialism in the post modern era, lead to the growth of major European empires. More specifically, how did the rise of these Colonial empires address the social concerns Europe was facing in the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution? Finally, how did imperial rule impact life for colonized people?Your response should specifically address:The socioeconomiclandscape of European post Industrial Revolution.How did Darwins theory of natural selection impact the motive and justification of European imperialism after 1859?Describe the racial justification for European colonization.
Create a 1,000- to 1,250-word budget strategy for a state or local (not federal) criminal justice agency of your choice.
Research budget proposals from various criminal justice agencies. These are typically available publicly on the organizations website or may be provided on request. In your research, look for trends in budget issues. Be sure to look at public sector funding and local and federal policies that impact budget planning.Based on the budget issue trends youve found, select one budget issue that youll address in your own budget proposal for a criminal justice agency of your choosing.Create a 1,000- to 1,250-word budget strategy for a state or local (not federal) criminal justice agency of your choice. This strategy will inform the budget proposal you create in your Wk 4 assignment. Address the following in your strategy:
How have the CRM needs of IT software companies changed over time?
Using the following case from Information Technology for Managers (2nd ed.),Do the following in this weeks case discussion forum:Based on this weeks material on the changing IT industry and your own research, answer:How have the CRM needs of IT softwarecompanieschanged over time?What are the major disruptors in IT today?How do you think they will change in the future?This collaborative activity should provide you the foundation youll need to address the case questions in your analysis this week.Then, begin your analysis starting with the following:Why did IBM drop Siebel and implement SugarCRM?Why do you think IBM waited several years before switching to SugarCRM?What isyour analysis of the changing CRM needs of IT companies and their future?How are the CRM needs of other industries changing?How do CRM needs of a large corporation like IBM differ from that of small companies?How does this relate to our discussion of disruptors and digital transformation?Assignment RequirementsYou have been asked by leadership to present your findings. Develop a 7-10 slide VOICE over PowerPoint Presentation leveraging what you have learned through collaboration, your own research, and the application of this weeks topics to critically analyze the case through the management lens. Be sure to address all points of this assignment in your final presentation (introduction, summary of thecentral issue, analysis, recommendations and conclusion) and cite your work appropriately using APA formatted citations and include a references page at the end of your presentation.Get help with APA-style citations atPurdues OWL site>>View RubricCase Study RubricCase Study RubricCriteriaRatingsPtsUnderstandingview longer description5 ptsExceptional: Demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the topic(s) and issue(s)4 ptsGood: Demonstrates an accomplished understanding of the topic(s) and issue(s)3 ptsFair: Demonstrates an acceptable sophisticated understanding of the topic(s) and issue(s)2 ptsPoor: Demonstrates an inadequate understanding of the topic(s) and issue(s)0 pts/ 5 ptsAnalysisview longer description5 ptsExceptional: Makes appropriate and powerful connections between the issues identified and the strategic concepts studied in the reading4 ptsGood: Makes appropriate connections between the issues identified and the strategic concepts studied in the reading3 ptsFair: Makes appropriate but somewhat vague connections between the issues and concepts studied in the reading2 ptsPoor: Makes little or no connection between the issues identified and the strategic concepts studied in the reading0 pts/ 5 ptsRecommendationsview longer description10 ptsExceptional: Presents detailed, realistic, and appropriate recommendations clearly supported by the information presented and concepts from the reading8 ptsGood: Presents specific, realistic, and appropriate recommendationssupported by the information presented and concepts from the reading6 ptsFair: Presents realistic or appropriate recommendations supported by the information presented and concepts from the reading4 ptsPoor: Presents realistic or appropriate recommendations with little, if any, support from the information presented and concepts from the reading0 pts/ 10 ptsUse and Quality of Referencesview longer description5 ptsAll reliable authorities.4 ptsMost are reliable authorities.3 ptsSome are reliable authorities2 ptsNone are reliable authorities0 pts/ 5 ptsTotal Points: 0Choose a submission typeSubmission type Upload, currently selectedUploadMore submission optionsMoreSubmit file using Webcam PhotoWebcam PhotoSubmit file using Canvas FilesCanvas Files
Based on your findings above, assess which expansion criteria seem to be more effective.
PurposeThis assignment is intended to help you learn how to apply statistical methods when analyzing operational data, evaluating the performance of current marketing strategies, and recommending actionable business decisions. This is an opportunity to build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills within the context of data analysis and interpretation. Youll gain a first-hand understanding of how data analytics supports decision-making and adds value to an organization.Scenario:Pastas R Us, Inc. is a fast-casual restaurant chain specializing in noodle-based dishes, soups, and salads. Since its inception, the business development team has favored opening new restaurants in areas (within a 3-mile radius) that satisfy the following demographic conditions:Median age between 25 45 years oldHousehold median income above national averageAt least 15% college educated adult populationLast year, the marketing department rolled out a Loyalty Card strategy to increase sales. Under this program, customers present their Loyalty Card when paying for their orders and receive some free food after making 10 purchases.The company has collected data from its 74 restaurants to track important variables such as average sales per customer, year-on-year sales growth, sales per sq. ft., Loyalty Card usage as a percentage of sales, and others. A key metric of financial performance in the restaurant industry is annual sales per sq. ft. For example, if a 1200 sq. ft. restaurant recorded $2 million in sales last year, then it sold $1,667 per sq. ft.Executive management wants to know whether the current expansion criteria can be improved. They want to evaluate the effectiveness of the Loyalty Card marketing strategy and identify feasible, actionable opportunities for improvement. As a member of the analytics department, youve been assigned the responsibility of conducting a thorough statistical analysis of the companys available database to answer executive managements questions.Report:Write a 750-word statistical report that includes the following sections:Section 1: Scope and descriptive statisticsSection 2: AnalysisSection 3: Recommendations and ImplementationSection 1 Scope and descriptive statisticsState the reports objective.Discuss the nature of the current database. What variables were analyzed?Summarize your descriptive statistics findings from Excel. Use a table and insert appropriate graphs.Section 2 AnalysisUsing Excel, create scatter plots and display the regression equations for the following pairs of variables:BachDeg% versus Sales/SqFtMedIncome versus Sales/SqFtMedAge versus Sales/SqFtLoyaltyCard(%) versus SalesGrowth(%)In your report, include the scatter plots. For each scatter plot, designate the type of relationship observed (increasing/positive, decreasing/negative, or no relationship) and determine what you can conclude from these relationships.Section 3: Recommendations and implementationBased on your findings above, assess which expansion criteria seem to be more effective. Could any expansion criterion be changed or eliminated? If so, which one and why?Based on your findings above, does it appear as if the Loyalty Card is positively correlated with sales growth? Would you recommend changing this marketing strategy?Based on your previous findings, recommend marketing positioning that targets a specific demographic. (Hint: Are younger people patronizing the restaurants more than older people?)Indicate what information should be collected to track and evaluate the effectiveness of your recommendations. How can this data be collected? (Hint: Would you use survey/samples or census?)Cite references to support your assignment.Format your citations according to APA guidelines.Submityour assignment.
How was this group treated by other Americans during World War I?
03.06 War at Home: AssignmentWhat Do I Submit?Joan of Arc Saved France poster put out by the Dept of the Treasury. These words are on the poster Women of America Save Your Country Buy War Savings StampsDept of Treasury PosterPublic DomainIn this lesson, you learned how Americans on the home front dealt with the demands of World War I. You also learned that minority groups in the United States were affected in different ways.Now that you have learned about the impact of World War I on different groups of Americans at home, imagine that social media websites, like Facebook or Twitter, were available during this time. What would minority groups updates or tweets look like?You will use your knowledge of the treatment of minority groups in the United States during World War I and your familiarity with social media such as Facebook and Twitter to complete the assignment for this lesson.Please review the sample Social Media Page. Use the Native American postings as an example to create two posts from the perspective of each of the following groups:German AmericansJewish AmericansAsian AmericansHispanic AmericansWomenDissentersYour posts should address the following questions:How was this group treated by the U.S government during World War I?How was this group treated by other Americans during World War I?What was the reaction of the group to the way they were treated?How did World War I change the way these groups live in the United States?
Determine the source of income Sinclair received while he was working in China?
Case 1Sinclair Pondage at all relevant times held a German passport. From the time of his first visit Australia in 2007 until the end of the 2016 income year, he held a visa which permitted him to live and work in Australia.During the time he was in Australia, Sinclair worked under contract as a marine engineer on a sea-going barge owned by an Australian company. Subsequently, the barge was leased to a Malaysia-based company, Ocean Development Ltd (OD), for use in carrying out work in China. Sinclair accepted employment with OD and left Australia on 8 July 2015, leaving his son and wife in Australia. He worked for Ocean Development Ltd for nine months in China and earned AUD $90,000. He then terminated his contract and returned to Australia where he stayed for the rest of the income year. On his arrival back in Australia he entered into a partnership business with his wife.Accommodation provided for Sinclair in China by his employer was of a temporary or transitory nature in the form of single mens quarters or barracks. Meals were also provided. Ocean Development Ltd.s office in Malaysia paid Sinclairs wages into his bank account in Australia, after deducting tax required to be paid in Malaysia. Sinclair paid no income tax in China. Sinclairs assets in Australia are his home in Sydney, an investment residential unit in Randwick, a super policy with AMP, listed shares, bank accounts and membership of a local golf club. Sinclair intended to be absent from Australia for approximately nine months and was in fact away for that period only.Required:For the 2015/2016 tax year:1) Is Sinclair a resident or non-resident of Australia? Refer to the relevant legislation and cases. (10 marks)2) Determine the source of income Sinclair received while he was working in China? (6 marks)Question 2On 10 July 2015, Jarrold Alexander was transferred to the Singapore office of his company, Global AIH Ltd, for five years. His wife Rosemarrie accompanied him to Singapore. In Singapore they lived in a house owned by the company and leased their Sydney residence. While residing in Singapore Rosemarrie borrowed $100 000 from the Commonwealth Bank on 1 December 2015, to fund the purchase of 50 000 shares in Global AIH.During the 2015/2016 tax year Rosemarrie received $5 000 as her share of net rental income (after deductions) from the lease of their Australian home, and $2 500 in fully franked dividends from Global AIH. She incurred no other expenses in deriving the rental income, but her interest payments on the Commonwealth Bank loan amounted to $5 650.Required:Advise Rosemarrie Alexander for the Australian tax consequences of these transactions. (Hints: you need to do some research on the tax consequence of dividends paid to a resident and non-resident) (14 marks)
What is the smallest block of public IP addresses that the company can purchase to cover its needs?
Case Project 2-1: Designing a Corporate NetworkYou are asked to design a network for a medium-size company. The company decides to use the 10.0.0.0 private IP address. The network will spansix buildings, with a router in each building to join the networks.Currently, the company has approximately 1,000 workstations in the followinglocations:?Building 1: 200 workstations?Building 2: 125 workstations?Building 3: 135 workstations?Building 4: 122 workstations?Building 5: 312 workstations?Building 6: 105 workstationsDesign a simple addressing solution that leaves ample room for growth and is easy toadminister. Explain what happens to your design if the number of hosts per network jumpsto over 1,024 per building.Case Project 2-2: Implementing a Network for a Single SiteABC Incorporated wants to implement a TCP/IP network for its only site. It has 180employees and two buildings and requires Internet access for an e-mail server, a single Webserver, a single FTP server, and two routers, each with a single high-speed Internet interface.If the company wants to hold ISP costs to a minimum, what kinds of IP addresses should itprimarily use? What is the smallest block of public IP addresses that the company canpurchase to cover its needs? (Hint: IP address blocks come in groups equal to 2b1, inwhich b is the number of bits in the total address block.)