Describe what evidence exists that there was liquid water on the surface of Mars in the past and what happened to that water.

Part II. SHORT ANSWER [100 pts]: Answer each question with at least five complete sentences or more.11. [20 pts] Describe what evidence exists that there was liquid water on the surface of Mars in the past and what happened to that water.12. [20 pts] Describe two major observational methods for detecting extrasolar planets indirectly? For each method explain what planetary properties can be measured from each method.13. [20 pts] What is tidal heating? Describe what evidence exists that there is tidal heating on Europa and discuss the type of habitable conditions that would be present if life did exist on this moon.14. [20 pts] A common theme in science fiction is “leaving home” to find a new planet for humans to live on. Now that we know about thousands of exoplanets, we can start imagining how to choose one. Describe the characteristics that we would look for in a planetary system that would make for a good home for humans. [Hint: think about life’s prerequisites and planetary system properties.]15. [20 pts] Make your own estimate of the Drake Equation. Please explain your reasoning about the values selected for each of the variables of the Drake Equation. Does your estimate of N match your view of the probability of Life and Civilizations in the Universe? Why or why not?

How does globalization impact the marketplace as a whole?

Primary Task Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 400–600 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas.Your team attends a trade conference on the subject of globalization. They have attended several seminars both advocating and dismissing implementing a global strategy. You return to the office and share some of what you have learned with the team.“Globalization is a very interesting topic and can get very heated,” you explain.“There are some countries and companies who are fiercely loyal to their homes and would not consider going global. Others see it as a benefit to the company and their customers. Some people here in the states believe that American-made is best because we are contributing to our home country. But, is it? Is it always best to stay domestic? How does this impact pricing? Are you truly helping?”As your team ponders these questions, you start to think about your position on the topic. Complete the following:Should your company go global? Why or why not?How does globalization impact the marketplace as a whole?Has your opinion changed from the beginning of the course to now?

Identify at least two academic and at least two professional teams to collaborate with to be successful in the MSN program and as a practicing nurse.

Networking for academic and professional success | NUNP 6660 – Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Role I: Child and Adolescent | Walden University· Identify at least two academic and at least two professional teams to collaborate with to be successful in the MSN program and as a practicing nurse.Explain why these individuals and/or teams were selected.Explain how these individuals and/or teams will support success in the MSN program and as a practicing nurse

Many companies are using social media to advertise, collect information, or gather background on individuals. Do you think this is ethical?

Social networking Web sites create online communities of Internet users that eliminate barriers created by time, distance, and cultural differences. These sites allow people to interact with others online by sharing opinions, insights, information, interests, and experiences. Members may use the site to interact with friends, family members, and colleagues they already know, but that they may also wish to develop new personal and professional relationships on the sites.Social network advertising uses social networks to inform, promote, and communicate the benefits of products and services, and there are several advertising strategies. Banner ads on social networks can either be displayed to each visitor to the Web site or by using the information in user profiles, directed toward those members who would likely find the product most appealing. People frequently make decisions based on input from their close group of friends and advertising and use an individual’s network of friends. Company-owned social networking websites allow users to talk about new products, services, or improvements they would like to see and the company can implement customer-submitted ideas. Viral marketing is where users pass along a marketing message to others, creating the potential for exponential growth.Many companies are using social media to advertise, collect information, or gather background on individuals. Do you think this is ethical?

Explain how MI can be applied to clinical practice.

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a psychotherapeuticmethod that was developed by William Miller and StephenRollnick, originally described in 1983 (Miller, 1983). Millerand Rollnick (2002) define MI as “a client-centered, directivemethod for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change byexploring and resolving ambivalence.” Its original applicationwas in substance abuse treatment with adults, where it wasdeveloped in response to confrontational methods used inthis field during the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, it has beenused in many different areas, including “general medical care,health promotion, social work and corrections” (Miller Rollnick, 2002, p. xiv)– Explore your reactions to the readings and to what you have learned about Motivational Interviewing (MI). Explain howMI can be applied to clinical practice.-Write one independent paragraph that includes a reference, explaining how Motivational Interviewing can be used by a psychiatric nurse practitioner to help a specific patient (for example, a drug addict or alcoholic patient that is non-complaining with his or her medications) and what considerations you need to be aware of to achieve success.Responses will be checked by Turnitin for originality. It should be a minimum of 350 words, scholarly written, APA formatted, and referenced. A minimum of 2 references are required (other than your text). *Information about motivational interviewing is attached.

Explain how you will communicate effectively with the NA who is a different gender than yourself.

You are the nursing supervisor of an assisted living facility (ALF). Recently you have received multiple complaints from several residents about the lack of assistance and care they receive from one of the day shift nursing assistants (NAs). You are surprised because this NA received the “Employee of Year” award just last year. As the nursing supervisor, you must approach and discuss these complaints with the NA.Question 1:Nonverbal communication is very powerful.a) Identify at least four types of nonverbal communication.b) Describe how your nonverbal behavior should be congruent with your verbal communication in this scenario.Question 2:Explain how you will communicate effectively with the NA who is a different gender than yourself.APA format; References if needed

With this detail in mind, briefly state why the e-Mail has become a critical component for IG implementation?

From the chapter reading, we learned that e-mail is a major area of focus for information governance (IG) efforts, and has become the most common business software application and the backbone of business communications today. In addition, the authors provided details to support their position by providing 2013 survey results from 2,400 corporate e-mail users from a global perspective. The results indicated that two-thirds of the respondents stated that e-mail was their favorite form of business communication which surpassed not only social media but also telephone and in-person contact.Q1: With this detail in mind, briefly state why the e-Mail has become a critical component for IG implementation?According to Franks and Smallwood (2013), information has become the lifeblood of every business organization, and that an increasing volume of information today has increased and exchanged through the use of social networks and Web2.0 tools like blogs, microblogs, and wikis. When looking at social media in the enterprise, there is a notable difference in functionality between e-mail and social media, and has been documented by research – “…that social media differ greatly from e-mail use due to its maturity and stability.” (Franks Smallwood, 2013).Q2: Please identify and clearly state what the difference is?Note: Each answer should be 200 -250 in APA format and with in text citation.

Write a two to three page double-spaced (minimum of 500-750 words) letter to the editor, proposing a solution to a current local problem.

PLEASE READ THE INSTRUCTION FILE10th Edition Reading Assignment:The St. Martin’s Guide to Writing, Chapter 7, pages 296-329. Skim the Guide to Writing section for your reference as well (pages 330-349).Write a two to three page double-spaced (minimum of 500-750 words) letter to the editor, proposing a solution to a current local problem. List the newspaper to which you would be sending this to at the top of your paper.

Which rate of inflation accounts for the substitution bias?

VERSION 2019 and 2020 (LATEST)VERSION 2020:Use the information below to answer questions 1-6 Consider an economy that produces only two goods: fresh apricots and dried apricots. In this economy, the technology of producing dried apricots is to place fresh apricots on special racks and allow them to dry in the sun. Fannie’s Farms is the only company that grows fresh apricots, while Darryl’s Dried Victuals is the only producer of dried apricots. Fannie’s sells some of its apricots directly to consumers for consumption. The relevant revenue and cost information for each of the two firms in the economy is given below:Darryl’s Dried Victuals Revenue from selling dried apricots: Cost of buying fresh apricots from Fannie’s: Interest on funds borrowed to buy drying racks: Wages paid to employees Taxes $2,750,000 1,800,000 200,000 550,000 90,000 Fannie’s Farms Revenue from selling fresh apricots: Rent on land (including apricot trees) Wages to employees Taxes $2,350,000 400,000 1,100,000 180,000 Darryl’s profit from selling dried apricots is: $5,390,000 $110,000 None of these are correct $150,000 $670,000 Fannie’s profit from selling fresh apricots is: $4,030,000 $110,000 $670,000 $300,000 None of these are correctQuestion 3 3 pts Use the income approach to calculate nominal GDP. Fill in the blanks in the table below. Enter numbers with no commas, no dollar signs and no decimals. For example, if your answer is $12.000 you would enter 12000 into the appropriate box. a. Total wages b. Interest c. Rent d.Total profit* 780000 e. Total taxes f. Nominal GDP =(a+b+c+d+e) “hint: get total profit by adding your answers for #1 and #2!Now let’s use the expenditure approach to calculate nominal GDP. So here we will add up all consumer spending on FINAL goods in this economy. Remember that the final goods in this economy are fresh apricots and also dried apricots. We have to be careful not to double count here though because some of the fresh apricots produced by Fannie are used by Darryl to make dried apricots. So first we find out how much money consumers spent on each of the final goods: How much money was spent by consumers on Fannie’s fresh apricots? $800,000 $550,000 None of these are correct $2,750,000 $2,300,000Question 5 3 pts How much money was spent by consumers on Darryl’s dried apricots? None of these are correct $2,300,000 $2,750,000 $800,000 $550,000Question 6 3 pts Now we are ready to calculate nominal GDP using the expenditure approach. Add up your answers for #4 and #5. What is nominal GDP calculated using the expenditure approach equal to? $3,550,000 $3,100,000 $5,100,000 $3,300,000 None of these are correctTotal 36 Questions (UPDATED 2020)VERSION 2019:Part 1: 32 questions at 3 points each for a total of 96 pointsFOR FILL-IN-THE-BLANK questions: If your answer is in decimal form, round to 2 decimal places. For example, if your answer is .412, enter it into the fill-in-the-blank as .41, or if your answer is 1.415, enter it into the fill-in-the-blank as 1.42. If there are no decimals in your answer, you will simply enter the number; so if your answer is 2, enter 2 with no decimals. Do not enter any extra spaces, do not enter commas or $ or % symbols.Use the information below to answer questions 1-6Consider an economy that produces only two goods: fresh apricots and dried apricots. In this economy, the technology of producing dried apricots is to place fresh apricots on special racks and allow them to dry in the sun. Fannie’s Farms is the only company that grows fresh apricots, while Darryl’s Dried Victuals is the only producer of dried apricots. Fannie’s sells some of its apricots directly to consumers for consumption. The relevant revenue and cost information for each of the two firms in the economy is given below:Darryl’s Dried VictualsRevenue from selling dried apricots:$2,300,000Cost of buying fresh apricots from Fannie’s:1,200,000Interest on funds borrowed to buy drying racks:250,000Wages paid to employees600,000Taxes100,000Fannie’s FarmsRevenue from selling fresh apricots:$2,000,000Rent on land (including apricot trees)300,000Wages to employees1,200,000Taxes200,0001. Darryl’s profit from selling dried apricots is:2. Fannie’s profit from selling fresh apricots is:3. Use the income approach to calculate nominal GDP. Fill in the blanks in the table below. Enter numbers with no commas, no dollar signs and no decimals. For example, if your answer is $12,000 you would enter 12000 into the appropriate box.4. Now let’s use the expenditure approach to calculate nominal GDP. So here we will add up all consumer spending on FINAL goods in this economy. Remember that the final goods in this economy are fresh apricots and also dried apricots. We have to be careful not to double count here though because some of the fresh apricots produced by Fannie are used by Darryl to make dried apricots. So first we find out how much money consumers spent on each of the final goods:How much money was spent by consumers on Fannie’s fresh apricots?5. How much money was spent by consumers on Darryl’s dried apricots?6. Now we are ready to calculate nominal GDP using the expenditure approach. Add up your answers for #4 and #5. What is nominal GDP calculated using the expenditure approach equal to?7. According to the cruise ship example what are the real objectives (goals) of macroeconomic policymakers?8. According to the cruise ship example what are the nominal objectives (goals) of macroeconomic policymakers?9. Use the table below to answer questions 9-16Good20112012QuantityPriceQuantityPriceTomatoes500$2.00600$2.20Tofu800$4.001000$4.25Tacos900$3.00900$4.0010. 11. Nominal GDP for 2011 is $12. Nominal GDP for 2012 $13. Assuming that 2011 is the base year, real GDP for 2011 is $14. Assuming that 2011 is the base year, real GDP for 2012 is $15. Again assuming that 2011 is the base year, the GDP deflator for 2011 is16. Again assuming that 2011 is the base year, the GDP deflator for 2012 is17. The rate of economic growth between the two years as defined by the percent change real GDP is18. The rate of inflation between the two years is19. Let’s consider some data on nominal GDP and GDP price deflator from the Federal Reserve Database:Using the data in the table above, real GDP is equal to $__________.20. During the 1973-1975 recession, GDP growth was about -3% and the percent change in prices was about 13%. This combination of GDP growth and percent change in prices is referred to as:21. Which of the following cause the unemployment rate as measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to understate the true extent of joblessness?22. Use the table below to answer questions 20-23The table below shows the ‘hypothetical’ basket(s) of consumption goods for a ‘typical’ Penn State college student for 2012 and 2013.Assume 2012 is the base year. The rate of inflation between 2012 and 2013 is ____%23. Now update the base year to 2013. The rate of inflation between 2012 and 2013 is now _____%.24. Which rate of inflation accounts for the substitution bias?25. The ‘Chain Weighted’ rate of inflation is ___%.26. Use the table below to answer questions 24 – 27Nominal Interest RatePrice index (CPI)Expected InflationJune 1, 20082.42217.4635.1June 1, 2009214.79127. Notes:-June 2009 is the last month of the Great recession – the official recovery, began in July of 2009 -expected inflation data is one year hence, so expected inflation for the period from June 1, 2008 to June 1, 2009 is given in June 2008. So the data in the table indicates that in June of 2008, inflation was expected to be 5.1% over the next 12 months28. 29. Use the provided CPI data to calculate the actual inflation rate that occurred between June 2008 and June 2009 (hint: just calculate the % change in the CPI).30. The ex-ante real rate of interest between June 2008 and June 2009 is:31. The ex-post real rate of interest between June 2008 and June 2009 is:32. We know that most decisions are in part, based on expectations of the future. Suppose we have two people who are trying to decide whether to consume today (assume it is currently June 2008) or save for the future and consume one year later, in June 2009. One person, let’s call him Joe, is basing his decision on the ex-ante real rate of interest like most of us do. The other person who has a crystal ball, we’ll call her Crystal, can see exactly what the actual rate of inflation is going to be and thus, has perfect foresight and bases her decision on the ex-post real rate. Look at the difference in the ex-ante and ex-post real rates you calculated in #25 and #26 above. Who would be more likely to save and who would be more likely to spend?33. Use the information in “Study shows costs of living for working families leveling off in Pa.” to answer questions 28 – 31.Using Allegheny county as the base county, the price index in Centre county is:34. Using Allegheny county as the base county, the price index in Chester county is:35. Using Allegheny county as the base county, if you are currently making $75,000 per year in Centre county, how much would you need to make in Allegheny county to have the same real purchasing power as you have in Centre county?36. Using Allegheny county as the base county, if you are currently making $75,000 per year in Centre county, how much would you need to make in Chester county to have same purchasing power as you have in Centre county?37. A friend of mine came to Penn State in the 1970s and told me that sticky buns at the College Diner cost $.75 (75 cents) in December of 1976. The CPI in December of 1976 was 58.4 and in December of 2012, the CPI was 230.979. Use this CPI data and assuming that the price of sticky buns rose in exact proportion to the CPI, what would the price of sticky buns have to be in December of 2012 so that the ‘real price’ of sticky buns remained constant?38. Government spending on transfer payments is included in government purchases when calculating GDP because it results in the production of new goods and services.39. If inflation is anticipated, some effects of inflation on the redistribution of income can be avoided.BUY MORE MATERIALS FOR THIS COURSE:ECON 104 Homework 1 Answer (Penn State University)ECON 104 Homework 2 Answer (Penn State University)ECON 104 Homework 3 Answer (Penn State University)ECON 104 Homework 4 Answer (Penn State University)ECON 104 Homework 5 Answer (Penn State University)ECON 104 Homework 6 Answer (Penn State University)ECON 104 Homework 7 Answer (Penn State University)

identify which aspects (or operants) of your strategy represent positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers, and/or punishers.

A classic example of bullying is a scenario in which a much larger, stronger bully physically intimidates and harasses a smaller, weaker victim to steal the victim’s lunch money. You might think that the obvious solution to the bullying in this example is to punish the bully to prevent the behavior from reoccurring. It would be nice if the solution were that simple, but it often is not. The bully may receive gains from the behavior (positive reinforcement; e.g., money to buy more food at lunch or respect from peers) that outweigh the punishment. Furthermore, if the bullying has occurred over a length of time with the same victim, the victim may also develop a conditioned response. For example, suppose that the school bell signaling that it is lunch time rings just before the bully approaches the victim for his lunch money. Initially the bell is a neutral stimulus that produces no specific response. Over time, the victim may associate the bell with the fear response of being bullied, such that the bell alone triggers a fear response in the potential victim. Now the bell is a conditioned stimulus because it elicits a conditioned response.Classical and operant conditioning can be used to understand why bullying occurs, as illustrated in the previous example, and to design effective interventions to reduce bullying behavior. In this discussion, you will use classical or operant conditioning to propose a strategy to mitigate bullying.To Prepare:Review this week’s Learning Resources on the behaviorist perspective and classical and operant conditioning.Pay particular attention to the meaning of the terms in each type of conditioning. Classical conditioning terms include: UCS (unconditioned stimulus), UCR (unconditioned response), NS (neutral stimulus), CS (conditioned stimulus), CR (conditioned response). Operant conditioning terms include positive reinforcers, and negative reinforcers, and punishers.Select one conditioning approach and use it to propose a strategy to mitigate bullying.Operationalize the characteristics of your strategy. For example, if you selected the classical approach, identify which aspects of your strategy represent the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR. If you selected the operant approach, identify which aspects (or operants) of your strategy represent positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers, and/or punishers.

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