Discuss whether any of these hypotheses provide plausible explanations of these responses.

This final assignment consists of five questions, worth 50 points each, whose answers are to take the form of 1-3 page essays (hence five to fifteen pages aggregate). The intention is to leave considerable discretion in the distribution of effort across questions. Each question requires some thought, but any reasonable effort to engage with the matters raised by these questions will earn partial credit. (Naturally, the more coherent and insightful the thought, and the more strongly connected are the answers to the material presented in the readings and recordings assigned for the course, the more points will be earned).————————————————————————-1)Suppose that a set of examination questions are sent to a class of 40 students, the responses to which are due a couple of weeks thereafter. Among the submitted responses, there is a subset of more than 20 submissions that exhibit a striking similarity of content and verbal formulation, a similarity all the more remarkable given the fact that most of the answers are incorrect, some incorrect in a quite bizarre way . Some flavor of two of the most egregious of these answers are captured by the following illustration, carefully crafted to give an indication of the various dimensions along which the responses go radically wrong: Question: “Pick a prime number between 100 and 1,000, and, using the method discussed in class, calculate its square root to three decimal places”. In response, 20 students select the number 64, and all 20 give the number 9.32184 as its square root.Approaching this puzzle in accordance with the mode of analysis embodied in Bayes’ Theorem, how would one go about evaluating the relative probabilities of hypotheses such as H1)Each student selected the number and derived this answer independently of the others; H2)The students worked together to gain an understanding of the indicated method of extracting square roots, and then each proceeded independently to select a number and work out its square root; H3)The students all utilized a uniquely easily accessible source to understand the method for the extraction of roots, but then fell into the same natural mistake in calculating the square root.Discuss whether any of these hypotheses provide plausible explanations of these responses. Are there other a priori plausible hypotheses that might account for this response? For each of the hypotheses H1, H2, and H3, construct a (less extreme) variant of this illustration that makes that hypothesis plausible.2)Summarize the argument developed in Sections 1-5 of Carl Hempel’s Studies in the Logic of Confirmation, specifically that part of the paper than deals with Nicod’s characterization of the confirmation relation and the example of the Ravens that undermines it. Discuss the following situations:a)The urn in front of you either contains 100 white balls (H1), or 75 white balls and 25 black balls (H2). Assume that these are the only two hypotheses that are at play. Does the blind extraction of a white ball confirm H1? H1 and H2? Neither? Discuss.b)Granted the logical equivalence of “All ravens are black” and “All non-black objects are non-ravens”, what accounts for our intuition (or illusion) that the observation of a white piece of chalk confirms the latter but not the former statement?c)Granted that any observation that confirms one of the two universal generalizations must confirm the other, why is it that the observation of a white piece of chalk confirms (or perhaps just seems to confirm) the two logically equivalent generalizations to a lesser degree than does the observation of a black raven? Can you define a universe in which the observation of a white piece of chalk confirms “All ravens are black” to a greater degree than does the observation of a black raven?3)There are three desserts A, B and C, where it is assumed that the agent X prefers both A and B to C.Suppose a coin in our possession is biased 2-to-1 in favor of Heads (i.e., it has a 2/3 chance of landing Heads and a 1/3 chance of landing Tails when tossed), and that (concerning this coin) the statement “The coin lands Heads” functions as an ethically neutral proposition for X (that is, a proposition, whatever its probability, to whose truth or falsity X is indifferent).a)Design a series of pairs of lotteries (utilizing this biased coin) that demonstrates that X’s preference for A over B is more than two times but less than ten times his preference for B over C.b)What role is played by the supposition of the existence of a neutral proposition in the employment of a scheme of lotteries in calibrating an agent’s preferences?4)In their paper Picking and Choosing, Edna Ullmann-Margalit and Sidney Morgenbesser argue that i)that there are no fundamental impediments to the existence of picking situations proper; ii)that picking situations are quite common; iii)that there are no systematic rules for the transformation of a choosing situation into a picking situation that do not involve the pick of one rule rather than another. Summarize their argument and evaluate their position.You might consider, in particular, the following questions: Is there any reason that the chance device suggested by Nicholas Rescher for selecting among alternatives among which one is indifferent need to be unbiased? Can one argue that any selection situation, whether a choosing or a picking situation, invariably resolves at some stage of implementation into a picking situation? 5)This is a question about “Newcomb’s Problem”.Two boxes, one transparent and visibly containing $1,000 (A), and one opaque (B) are placed before an agent X at time t. The contents of A are supposed fixed, the contents of B known by the agent to have been determined by the prior action of a highly accurate Predictor that has placed $1,000,000 in box B if it predicted that X will select only box B and has placed nothing in box B if it predicted that X will selectbothboxes.A)Assume (for the sake of argument) a universal acceptance of the in fact completely discredited hypothesis that the strong statistical correlation between smoking and a host of serious diseases including lung cancer is accounted for by a genetic factor that is the common cause of both. In your view, can someone who believes that these statistics should not in themselves present a deterrent to smoking reconcile this view with an advocacy of the “one-box” solution to Newcomb’s Problem?B)Suppose that the back of box B is transparent, and that a completely trustworthy and reliable friend of X is able to see whether $1,000,000 is in box B. Assume that the Predictor can predict what if anything the friend will say and what X will hear, and that it has factored this into its prior analysis and decision. If the friend were able to communicate with X, does it matter whether i)the friend simplyrecommends a selection (“Take both boxes!”) or ii)reveals the actual contents of box B to X (e.g., “Box B is empty”)? Why or why not? If the friend were able to announce out loud the contents of box B, would it be advantageous for X to place himself in a situation in which he is unable to make out what his friend says? Explain.

How could this affect the demand for dollars and ultimately affect the exchange rate?

1.1 View the video “What Is Opportunity Cost,” located in Topic Materials. In this video, a little girl interrupts her father who is reading and asks him to come out and play. The father is faced with a choice, which is a clear opportunity cost. Discuss the opportunity cost with which the father is presented? What is the opportunity cost for the little girl spending time with her father? Does she have an opportunity cost? Is there always an opportunity cost present in any given situation? Please explain.1.2 One of your classmates, Madison, is a hardworking student, is serious about her classes, and is conscientious about her grades. Madison is also involved, however, in volunteer activities and an extracurricular sport. If Madison’s goal is to get good grades, what is her opportunity cost when she is involved in other activities? If Madison’s goal is to be involved in volunteer activities and sports, what is her opportunity cost when she spends her time studying?2.1 On January 9, 2015, President Obama announced a proposal to make community college free for all students. What would be the benefit to the economy as a whole resulting from this change? Of the four factors of production (land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship), which factor would be enhanced by such a program? What would happen to the supply of college-educated labor? Would the demand for college-educated workers change? If so, what changes might occur?2.2 In 2012, the price of corn was $8 a bushel. In 2014, a huge harvest caused the price to drop to about $4 a bushel because quantity demanded for the corn was less than the quantity supplied. What is the law of supply and how does it explain why farmers increased their production of corn? If quantity demanded for corn is much less than quantity supplied, is that a shortage or a surplus? Would the price of corn be above the equilibrium price or below? Why is the price dropping?3.1 Elasticity is related to a firm’s total revenue and changes as you move up and down the demand curve. Suppose you are a marketing manager charged with deciding whether to increase the price of goods. The company’s goal in considering that decision is to increase total revenue. If you were facing elastic demand, would a price increase be a good way to increase total revenue? If you were facing inelastic demand, would a price increase be a good way to increase total revenue? Since elasticity changes as you move up and down the demand curve, how can the marketing manager know whether demand for a product is elastic or inelastic?3.2 Jane spends all her income on hot dogs and caviar. Her demand curve for caviar is inelastic at all prices for caviar. Unfortunately, the accident at Chernobyl has caused the supply of caviar to fall and the price to rise. What has happened to Jane’s consumption of hot dogs? Explain. (Note: You should assume that the accident at Chernobyl had no effect on the price of hot dogs or Jane’s preference for caviar.)4.1 In February 2015, Wal-Mart announced that it would increase the pay rate for all its lowest paid workers. Is this wage increase a growth in fixed costs or variable costs? Would it be affected by output? If Wal-Mart’s sales drop off, how might the store adjust its labor costs?4.2 In fall 2013, Apple loaned its sapphire glass supplier $578 million to set up a manufacturing plant to produce the glass for the new iPhone 6. In November 2014, Apple’s glass supplier lost the contract and promptly filed for bankruptcy. What happened to cause bankruptcy? How did the loss of the Apple contract affect fixed cost for the glass supplier? How might this have affected Average Total Cost (ATC)? Compare this situation to economies of scale?5.1 Today the United States has unemployed people who began as cyclically unemployed during the recession but have since become structurally unemployed because their skills have become obsolete. How important is the idea of remaining up-to-date on training and skills in the work force? Is there a certain industry that requires skills to be current?5.2 According to the article “What Does GDP Really Tell Us About Economic Growth,” located in Topic Materials, Khan discusses the pitfalls of GDP. Describe how these pitfalls have affected the overall economic status of a country. Conduct research to find an example of a country that has been affected by the pitfalls of GDP and describe the circumstances surrounding the country’s position.6.1 The role of a bank is to move funds from savers to spenders. What happens when savings rates are too high? An example would be people saving so much money that the banks cannot keep up? Would you agree that the United States is in that situation now? What could the Federal Reserve do to help solve that problem?6.2 Explain how a bank’s ability to create transaction deposit accounts through loans creates money.7.1 Discuss why countries create barriers to trade when economic theory shows trade as being beneficial to a nation. Who benefits from international trade? Who loses from international trade? How can the negative effects of the failures from international trade be reduced? Do you agree with the concept of trade barriers? Why or why not?7.2 In January 2015, several large multinational corporations announced lower than expected earnings for the fourth quarter of 2014. Many blamed the monotonous profits on a strong dollar. How does this work? When the dollar gains value against foreign currencies, why does it hurt U.S. exports? How could this affect the demand for dollars and ultimately affect the exchange rate? Each question must be answer with 150-200 words and with a quote. So the paper should look like this1.1 QuestionsAnswer “quote” answer1.2 QuestionAnswer “quote” answerAnd so on

Discuss investment plans based on finance principles.

This summary will help you develop your paper. Begin writing your summary by responding to the followingquestions and prompts:Develop a one-paragraph summary using the Week 10 Writing Assignment Template [DOC]. A section for your summary has been provided within the template.Note: Do not use this summary as the introduction to your paper.Think about what you learned in this course. What are your new financial goals?Would you like to become more liquid, to save more for your retirement, or to start a new business?Whatever your goals, finance is right at the core. Think about what you learned in this course regarding investing to complete this assignment.PaperWrite a two to three-pagepaper in which you:Write an introduction in your own words, based on the content of your paper.Describe three ways you will invest in your future based on the principles of finance discussed in this course. Include terminology from the course and use citations as necessary to support your explanation of theDiscuss one of the three ways you feel most confident as a way to invest in your future. Explain your level of confidence.Of the three ways thatyou will invest in your future, discuss the one that you perceive might be the most challenging. Then, discuss how you might overcome some of those challenges.Use the Week 10 Writing Assignment Template [DOC] to provide additional help with organizing your assignment.Submit your summary and paper by uploading them together to the assignment submission area.Note: This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.The specific course learning outcomeassociated with this assignment is:Discuss investment plans based on finance principles.

Develop and explain the probability and relative frequency of the data you found for each mode of transportation.

The mayor and city council members of Seatville have hired you as a consultant to determine the transportation modes within their city. The mayor wants to know where to spend budget dollars to improve infrastructure and transportation modes. Being a diligent consultant, you interviewed 1,255 people during a 16-week period. You determined the following methods of transportation were used:850 residents drove a personal car,200 used public transportation (bus),5 rode a bicycle,50 walked, and150 rode a motorcycle.Prepare a report that outlines the requirements of your consulting task. In your report, you should include the following:Provide an introduction that outlines the problem and gives on overview of the situation as well as a conclusion that sums up your report.Develop and explain the probability and relative frequency of the data you found for each mode of transportation.Compute the relative frequencies to two decimal places.Use this data to make a final recommendation of where the mayor and city council should spend their infrastructure/transportation

Write a brief reflection paragraph on your gender/sex/sexuality/identity. Do you feel comfortable sharing your identities with others? Why or why not?

There are so many different aspects to gender, sex, sexuality and identity! For this week’s writing assignment, I’d like you to pick any three areas from this chart, and define them in detail. You may use our OER textbook chapter, OpenStax, or other academic sources (make sure to cite).Directions:1. Pick three categories of gender/sex/sexuality/identity form this chart2. Write a paragraph for each category thoroughly defining the areas you chose. Be sure to cite your sources.3. Write a brief reflection paragraph on your gender/sex/sexuality/identity. Do you feel comfortable sharing your identities with others? Why or why not?

Develop a 700- to 1,050-word statistical analysis based on the Case Study Scenarios

Resources:Microsoft Excel, Case Study Scenarios, SpeedX Payment TimesDevelopa 700- to 1,050-word statistical analysis based on the Case Study Scenarios and SpeedX Payment Times.Includeanswers to the following:Case 1: Election ResultsUse 0.10 as the significance level (?).Conduct a one-sample hypothesis test to determine if the networks should announce at 8:01 P.M. the Republican candidate George W. Bush will win the state.Case 2: SpeedXUse 0.10 and the significance level (?).Conduct a one-sample hypothesis test and determine if you can convince the CFO to conclude the plan will be profitable.

discuss whether the deployment of IT governance could save taxpayers money, improve the likelihood of success, and ensure privacy or civil liberties.

Answer every question with minimum of 300 words. Please, provide references after each response.1 – Thinking about what you learned in the Topic Materials, particularly “The FBI’s Virtual Case File” in Chapter 1 of the textbook, discuss how the list of failure modes from the article “Detecting Disaster Projects” led to that failed project. Consider the team project you are working on with your group and discuss how the IT project methodology can be a critical factor to the success of your project.2 – Review “Waterfall or Agile?” in Chapter 2 of the textbook (p. 56), and discuss the two scenarios listed below. In your discussions, include assessment of existing talent and corporate competencies.3-Review the case study “Data Mining to Prevent Terrorism” in Chapter 3 of the textbook. Using the case study and topic Resources, discuss whether the deployment of IT governance could save taxpayers money, improve the likelihood of success, and ensure privacy or civil liberties.4-Review the “Quick Thinking – The Project Sponsor” section of Chapter 4 in the textbook. Discuss how a project manager should handle a project sponsor who is either incompetent or loses interest in the project and withdraws.5-Review “eXtreme Programming at Sabre” from Chapter 5 (p. 146) in the textbook. Can traditional project management tools such as a work breakdown structure (WBS) be used in XP? Discuss which methods of estimation would be most appropriate when following an XP approach. Support your ideas with specific examples.6-Submit a rough draft of your work breakdown structure (WBS), scope management plan, project schedule, and budget management plan. Provide suggestions for improvement and/or additional aspects that should be considered in the project scope, cost, and schedule.7-Review the case study “Probabilities—Not Ones and Zeros” in Chapter 7 of the textbook. Imagine you are the project manager for an ERP project. Provide an example of a situation where use of a Monte Carlo simulation would be appropriate. Then provide an example of a situation where decision tree analysis would be appropriate.8-Submit a rough draft of your risk management plan to the Main Forum to receive feedback from peers. Read the documents posted by at least two of your peers and provide them with specific feedback on their risk management plan. Provide suggestions for improvement or additional aspects that should be considered in the project scope, cost, and schedule. When providing feedback, try to select peers that have not already received feedback from more than two students.

Are stock splits beneficial to stockholders?

1. Are stock splits beneficial to stockholders? SNL Financial studied stock splits in the banking industry over an 18-month period. For a sample of 20 stock splits, 15 led to an increase in investment value, 3 led to a decrease in investment value, and 2 resulted in no change. Conduct a sign test to determine if it can be concluded that stock splits are beneficial for holders of bank stocks.a) What are the null and alternative hypotheses?b) Using ? = .01, what is your conclusion?2. A poll taken during the recession in 2008 asked 600 adults a series of questions about the state of the economy and their children’s future. One question was, “Do you expect your children to have a better life than you have had, a worse life, or a life about the same as yours?” The responses showed 240 better, 310 worse, and 50 about the same. Use the sign test and ? = .01 to determine whether there is a difference between the number of adults who feel their children will have a better life compared to a worse life. What is your conclusion?3. A test was conducted for two overnight mail delivery services. Two samples of identical deliveries were set up so that both delivery services were notified of the need for a delivery at the same time. The hours required to make each delivery follow. Do the data shown suggest a difference in the median delivery times for the two services? Use a .10 level of significance for the test.Service Delivery 1 21 24.5 28.02 26.0 25.53 28.0 32.04 21.0 20.05 18.0 19.56 36.0 28.0Service Delivery 1 27 25.0 29.08 21.0 22.09 24.0 23.510 26.0 29.511 31.0 30.034. Unisys maintains a hurricane database which provides information on hurricanes in the Atlantic/Caribbean/Gulf of Mexico and the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Maximum wind speeds in knots for a sample of hurricanes over the past four hurricane seasons are shown. Use ? = .10 and test to determine whether the distribution of hurricane wind speeds is the same for these two regions. What is your conclusion?Atlantic/Carribean/Gulf of Mexico Eastern Pacific OceanStorm Max Wind Speed Storm Max Wind SpeedFrances 125 Darby 105Jeanne 110 Frank 75Lisa 65 Isis 65Emily 135 Hilary 90Ophelia 80 Max 70Rita 150 Bud 110Wilma 150 Daniel 130Ernesto 65 Sergio 95Florence 80 Cosme 65Helene 105 Flossie 120Dean 145 Henriette 75Karen 60 Ivo 70

Do they transcend time and place or are they particular to region and culture?

English 300OL – Contemporary LiteratureStory Themes – Whole-Class Discussion“My Father Addresses Me on the Facts of Old Age” by Grace PaleyThis forum will focus on theme and meaning! Theme in literature is the idea that holds the story together, such as a comment about society, human nature, or the human condition. It is the main idea or central meaning of a piece of writing.For your initial post, consider the contemporary themes representedin this story, particularly the issues facing the female characters! Are these themes uniquely contemporary or more universal in nature? Do they transcend time and place or are they particular to region and culture? In your post, make specific references to thestory’s characters and scenes.

When was the first contested election in the Soviet Union?

Attached is The Study Guide along with Lecture Notes to answer the questions below.General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev1. Who is Mikhail Gorbachev?2. What is Perestroika?3. What is Glasnost?4. What is Demokratizatsia?6. When was the first contested election in the Soviet Union?7. What were the psychological incentives (two) that Gorbachev used to boost Soviet production?8. What was Gorbachev’s main priority for Perestroika when launched in June 1987?9. Name three features of Perestroika.11. What results must Gorbachev produce to succeed? (4)The Coup1. Why wasn’t Gorbachev surprised there was a coup? Give 3 reasons.2. Why was the Army upset with the reforms?3. Why do you think the Communist party hindered Gorbachev’s reforms? Why do you think he did not get rid of the party?4. How did Gorbachev punish Yeltsin for criticizing his reforms?5. In the end, what caused Gorbachev and Yeltsin to resolve their differences?6. What is the Union of Sovereign States?7. What happened to Gorbachev during the coup?8. What did Yeltsin do during the coup? (3)9. How did the people of Moscow show support for Yeltsin?10. What happened to the plotters after the coup?Yeltsin1. After the coup, why was there a vacuum at the political center? What did the republic do?2. What finally removed Gorbachev from power?3. Which of Yeltsin’s initial decisions about his new government became fatal to the 1st Russian Republic?4. What is Dyarchy? Why did it cause so much trouble between Yeltsin and Parliament?5. Why was there another civil war in October 1993?6. Why wasn’t Yeltsin happy with his new parliament in December 1993?7. Why did Russia go into Chechnya?8. Why do people say that Yeltsin was corrupt?9. What is the Rule of Law?10. Who did Yeltsin compete with in the ’96 Presidential Elections? Why is that a worry for reform-minded democrats?11. Name two indicators of Russia’s soft state.12. How do Russians view the Yeltsin era today?

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