should minorities have lower admission standards in order to racially balance college populations?

The civil rights movement and President Lyndon B. Johnson’s War on Poverty in the mid-1960s launched a movement for the nation to respond by offering equal access to education, housing, and other resources (Alger et al., 2000). In June 1965, President Johnson spoke at Howard University (DC), outlining the major principles behind affirmative action (Garrison-Wade, Dorothy F., Lewis, Chance W., Affirmative Action: History and Analysis, Journal of College Admission, Summer 2004President Lyndon Johnson stated:“You do not take a man who for years has been hobbled by chains, liberate him, bring him to the starting line of a race, saying, ‘you are free to compete with all the others,’ and still justly believe you have been completely fair… This is the next and more profound stage of the battle for civil rights. We seek not just freedom but opportunity-not legal equity but human ability-not just equality as a right and a theory, but equality as a fact and as a result” (ECS, 1).President Johnson reinforced his speech by signing an Executive Order in late 1965 mandating government contractors to “take affirmative action” in all aspects of hiring and employing minorities (Brunner, 2002).As a result of this mandate, many colleges and professional schools started to recruit minority students as a part of their education mission. Ultimately, this led to these institutions initiating admission policies that took race into consideration. These policies increased admission for African Americans and Hispanics at predominately white institutions.Regents of University of California v. Bakke (1978) was the first case to question the legality of affirmative action policies in higher education. Allan Bakke, a white applicant, claimed he was wrongfully denied admission to medical school at the University of California to make room for less qualified minority applicants. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the establishment or use of “racial quotas” in determining admission violates the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth Amendment; however, institutions of higher learning can still consider race as one factor, among many, in the admission process.Over the next 25 years, affirmative action policies in higher education sparked many debates and raised many issues. Most recently, the Supreme Court ruled on the monumental decision in Grutter v. bollinger, (2003), which allowed the University of Michigan Law School to use race-based affirmative action to diversify its student body. However, in the (Gratz v. Rggewis (2003) decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the university’s undergraduate College of Literature, Science, and Arts could not use an admission process that awarded points based on an applicant’s race and ethnicity. The decisions by the Supreme Court have now changed the future of affirmative action in the undergraduate admission process, given that race and ethnicity cannot be awarded “extra” points to help admit certain applicants.So now I ask you, should minorities have lower admission standards in order to racially balance college populations? Should race and ethnic background be a consideration at all in the college admission process, or does that promote reverse discrimination? Consider the many different races affected by this.

Explain the fundamental manner in which transnational actors, interest groups, public opinion, and the media have influenced your chosen event.

This question is for 2 papers (assignment 2 and assigment 3) and a power point presentation (assignment 4)Assignment 2:Assignment 2: International Insecurity and the Use of ForceIncorporate the professor’s feedback from Assignment 1 in order to proficiently develop Assignment 2.Use scholarly journal articles and/or Strayer academic databases to complete additional research on your selected topic. Use the major international political event that you selected for Assignment 1 in order to complete this assignment.Use the basic outline below to draft your paper. Organize your responses to each question (except Question 5) under the following section headings:Part II: International Insecurity and the Use of Force of [Name of Select Major International Event]The Media, the People, and Public Opinion (for Question 1)The Impact of Foreign Policies (for Question 2)International Insecurity (for Question 3)Use of Force (for Question 4)Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you separate the content into sections:Explain the fundamental manner in which transnational actors, interest groups, public opinion, and the media have influenced your chosen event. Provide relevant examples of such influence in action to support your response.Discuss which foreign policies developed by the main participants played a role in your chosen event. Evaluate the extent to which the chosen policies impacted your chosen event. Provide examples of the impact to support your rationale.Analyze the key role(s) that international insecurity played in the development of your chosen event. Provide a rationale for your response.Analyze whether or not the use of force concept was used in your chosen event. Argue whether or not the use or non-use of force concept was justified. Provide examples where force was used to support your rationale.Use at least three (3) additional quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:Evaluate the theories and systems of international politics.Analyze how international politics influences the various levels of public administration and its effects on groups and individuals.Differentiate among international conflict, security, terrorism, military force, weapons of mass destruction, and their effects on war and peace.Analyze the major developments in international politics and how they have evolved.Use technology and information resources to research issues in international public administration.Use technology and informatoin resources to research issues in international public administration.Write clearly and concisely about international public administration using proper writing mechanics.Assignment 3:Assignment 3: The Economy, Global Finance, and InequalityIncorporate the professor’s feedback from Assignment 2 in order to proficiently develop Assignment 3. Use scholarly journal articles and/or Strayer academic databases to complete additional research on your selected topic. Use the major international political event that you selected for Assignment 1 in order to complete this assignment.Use the basic outline below to draft your paper. Organize your responses to each question (except Question 5) under the following section headings:Part III: The Economy, Global Finance, and Inequality of [Name of Select Major International Event]The Economy (for Question 1)Global Finance (for Question 2)Inequality (for Question 3)Conclusion (for Question 4)Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you separate the content into sections:Evaluate the extent to which your chosen event impacted the international political economy (e.g., international and domestic trade, currency exchange system, debt, and capital). Provide relevant examples of such an economic impact—or lack thereof—to support your response.Assess the extent to which your chosen event impacted global finance (e.g., GDP, direct investments, fiscal and monetary policies, and the balance of trade). Provide relevant examples of such an economic impact—or lack thereof—to support your response.Discuss the role that global inequality and poverty have played in your chosen event. Provide examples of these roles to support your rationale.Create recommendations that you believe would aid the main participants in your chosen event in developing policies to prevent a repeat occurrence of your event in the future.Use three (3) additional quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:Analyze the major developments in international politics and how they have evolved.Assess how the major assumptions of international relations have shaped public policy.Evaluate the key economic concepts and theories in international politics including global trade, finance, and inequality.Predict the trends of global governance and its influence on the world population.Use technology and information resources to research issues in international public administration.Write clearly and concisely about international public administration using proper writing mechanics.Power point:· Assignment 4: PowerPoint Presentationo Incorporate the professor’s feedback from Assignment 3 in order to proficiently develop Assignment 4. Use scholarly journal articles and/or Strayer databases to complete additional research on your selected topic. Use the major international political event that you selected for Assignment 1 in order to complete this assignment.o Use the basic outline below to draft your presentation. Organize your responses to each question under the following section headings:o Part IV:[Name of Select Major International Event] (for Question 1-5)o Introduction (for Question 6a)o Background (for Question 6b)o International Organizations and Actors (for Question 6c)o International Law (for Question 6d)o Global Health (for Question 6e)o A Look at the Future (for Question 6f)o Create a six to eight (6-8) slide presentation in which you separate the content into sections:o Present your findings using the Microsoft PowerPoint software with at least ten (10) topics / slides in your presentation.o Include a title slide and references section (Note: These two [2] slides are not part of the ten (10) slide requirement).o Develop a creative, appealing presentation using your chosen tool for a professional audience, using two to three (2-3) colors, two to three (2-3) fonts, and two to three (2-3) other visuals.o Provide coherent, clear, organized, and substantive content that can be easily understood by the audience.o Provide audio narration of the presentation slides as if you were delivering the speech (Note: If you do not have access to a microphone, then you should provide detailed speaker notes with your presentation.)o Create a section of the presentation (six [6] slides) in which you:· Provide a brief description of your chosen event.· Describe the population and its influence on crime, health, and environmental problems.· Discuss the influence of all international organizations and transactional actors and its role in peace keeping missions and § enforcement.· Examine international law, and explain how EUs, IGOs, and/or NGOs have addressed acts of piracy, weapons of mass destruction,§ and human rights.· Identify any disease(s) that may have impacted your event and assess the role of IGOs and NGOs in dealing with global health§ problems.· Examine the likelihood of conflict and cooperation in the future.o Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:o A minimum of ten (10) PowerPoint slides, with one or two (1 or 2) devoted to each of the topics in items 2-4 above. Slides should abbreviate the information in no more than five or six (5 or 6) bullet points each.o In the Notes View of each PowerPoint slide, incorporate the notes you would use when presenting the slides to an audience.o Slide titles should be based on the criteria described above (e.g., “Four Key Attributes,” “Responses to Budget Issues,” etc.)o In addition to the content slides required, include a title slide and a reference slide. The title slide must contain the title of the assignment, your name, the instructor’s name, the course title, and the date. The reference slide should list, in APA format, the sources you consulted in writing the paper.o The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:o Analyze how international politics influences the various levels of public administration and its effects on groups and individuals.o Differentiate among international conflict, security, terrorism, military force, weapons of mass destruction, and their effects on war and peace.o Give examples of International Government Organizations (IGOs) and the various roles of their key players.o Examine the sources and enforcement of international law.o Use technology and information resources to research issues in international public administration.o Write clearly and concisely about international public administration using proper writing mechanics.

Discuss lobbying reforms, including the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 and efforts under the Bush and Obama administrations. Were these reforms effective?

Discuss lobbying reforms, including the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 and efforts under the Bush and Obama administrations. Were these reforms effective? Will they reduce the perceived corruption in lobbying activities?Explain how the Patriot Act increased Federal powers for search, seizure, surveillance and detention. Please also discuss concerns voiced by privacy and civil rights advocates regarding the law’s different provisions.With your essays, I am looking for sound arguments, specific details and support from a variety of sources. This means an introductory/thesis statement, several supporting paragraphs and a conclusion. Writing three or four general sentences might qualify as the introduction to a fully developed essay, but not as one in and of itself. Aim for at least 500 words per essay. Please identify sources used in the text of the essay, and place a list of sources at the bottom of your answer (a minimum of three).

What powers are extended to the federal government? Explain in detail.

The United States Constitution divides power between the federal and state governments. In this assignment, you will describe those powers.Assignment Guidelines:Address the following questions in 1,000–1,250 words:What powers are extended to the federal government? Explain in detail.What components of the US Constitution describe and detail the powers extended to the federal government?What powers are extended to the state governments? Explain in detail.What components of the US Constitution describe and detail the powers extended to the state governments?What are the power limitations of the federal government? Explain.What are the power limitations of the state governments? Explain.Are there any similarities or overlapping of powers between the two levels of government? Explain and describe those similarities or overlapping powers, if any.How do the state governments and the federal government deal with those powers that are similar or overlap?Which government has supremacy when there are similarities or overlap?Explain.Be sure to reference all sources using proper APA style.

Write a 1,050- to 1,750-word paper discussing policing practices and operations.

Write a 1,050- to 1,750-word paper discussing policing practices and operations. Include an assessment of the following:• The relationship between traditional organizational structures of policing agencies• Communication patterns both within and outside the policing agency• Current trends in the approach to the policing functionIdentify any existing issues with the partnership between law enforcement and community.Recommend any necessary changes to improve partnerships between law enforcement and community.Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

select a domestic or international terrorist organization that threatens the U.S. homeland and complete a profile of that organization.

The term paper consists of two parts. Part 1 – select a domestic or international terrorist organization that threatens the U.S. homeland and complete a profile of that organization. The group profile should be approximately 50 percent of the final paper and must include a discussion of the group’s ideology, targeting, tactics, capability, and overall goals, analysis of attacks, and any statements or propaganda released by the group. Make sure you have enough information on the group to address all these factors and how it affects the US homeland.Part 2 – use the group profile to conduct an analysis of one or more U.S. homeland security policies studied in module 2, to assess the ability of the policy or policies to counter the threat posed by the group profiled. This analysis should begin with an introduction and explanation of the policy, followed by an analysis addressing the breadth of the information(from part 1) gathered on that terrorist group. The policy you analyze should be consistent with the group; for example, if you choose a domestic terrorist group, it would be improper to analyze the Secure Border Initiative and its ability to counter a domestic threat, because the members of the group are already within the nation’s borders. If you find the policy deficient, make specific recommendations for policy change to counter the threat. If you deem the policy sufficient to counter the threat, explain the rationale for your conclusion.Your finished project, including both elements of the paper, should be approximately 12 to 14 double-spaced pages, not including the cover or reference pages but including the abstract, submitted as one document

make a proposal for the Article regarding the election, the qualifications, the term of the office, the term-limit, as well as the process of the removal from the office of the Head of the government.

You are in a Constitutional Convention & you have been asked to make a proposal for the Article regarding the election, the qualifications, the term of the office, the term-limit, as well as the process of the removal from the office of the Head of the government.Your task is to write your proposal taking into account what type of procedures will both enable the head of the government to be powerful enough to perform his duties and not too powerful to be able to circumvent the other Branches of government.

In a two to three page paper give some thought to how you came to believe what you believe politically

ASSIGNMENT:In a two to three page paper give some thought to how you came to believe what you believe politically- freedom right or left, order right or left, or some combination (not everyone is a pure type. Many of us hold views from more than one quadrant). (Note: While some aspects of socialization can touch on personal areas you need not share any more detail than you are comfortable with especially in terms of issues of power/authority within the family, but these themes can still be addressed in terms of general life lessons).Your discussion can address any or all of the following areas. Be sure to include the agents of socialization and how they relate to your life. There Is no one way to write this paper as everyone has had a different life experience. Some agents of socialization may have been more influential in your life than others.SOCIALIZATION:How the culture, values and ways of life (i.e. lenses and frames) common to society aretransmitted.CULTURE: Symbols (words, colors, objects, artifacts)Beliefs (shared ideas about what’s true)Values (shared ideas about what’s desirable)Religion, ArtNorms, Sanctions (Expectations about behavior, rewards, punishments, what’s normal and what’s not.What’s inside the circle of accepted behavior and what’s outside)Political Order:Institutions, style of governance, civil and political rights.Social Order:Arts, music dance, dress, skirt length, racism, sexism etc.SomeU.S.Cultural valuesIndividualism, freedom(Self responsibility, self expression, consumption)Competition(Rational calculation in the quest for wealth“What’s in it for me?”)Technological achievementFun. Comfort, convenience, pleasureAGENTS OF SOCIALIZATIONFamily:Parental interest in politics, party i.e., religion, power/authority decision-making models.Primary school:group norms, national slogans, symbols, introduce outside authoritySecondary school:Civics, field trips, distinguishes between leaders and institutions.College:Critical thinking, emerging peers.Adulthood:media, religion, community, peers (the greatest impact- people most like you.)

the most effective methods of ethics training is an exercise in resolving ethical dilemmas that relates to actual situations employees may face on the job. Why do you think that this is so?

Those in the field say that one of the most effective methods of ethics training is an exercise in resolving ethical dilemmas that relates to actual situations employees may face on the job. Why do you think that this is so?Short discussion. Only needs to be a paragraph if that. thoughtful, and insightful

Analyze the influence of Congress, the Judicial system, and other agencies

Imagine you are a senior US government policy adviser. The White House has asked your boss to brief them on your agency’s top policy priorities. You need to develop a comprehensive policy memo that will give your boss:(1) the critical background information he/she needs on the issue at hand;(2) analysis of the influence of Congress, the Judicial system, and other government agencies on the formulation and implementation of a specific policy;(3) an evaluation of the influence that interest groups, political parties and the media have on the policy at hand;(4) a set of options for your boss to consider regarding a path forward with all these political players (including pro’s and con’s for each option); and(5) a recommended strategy that you want your boss to present to the White House to win support for your agency’s policy agenda.To recap, your memo should:– Clearly and concisely state the issue at hand– Provide a summary of the current policy context / relevant background– Analyze the influence of Congress, the Judicial system, and other agencies– Evaluate the influence of interest groups, political parties, and the media– Present a set of options for your boss to consider, include pro’s and con’s for each– Make a recommendation of one of those options and provide further justification for why you are saying that option is the best.Formatting Guidelines:– No cover page; put your name, student ID, and the subject line at the top with a date.– Do not exceed 6 single-spaced pages! (Most senior leaders don’t have time to read anything longer than a few pages.)– Include citations / sources as end notes for your memo since this is an academic exercise (end notes will not count toward the 6 page limit). Follow Turabian guidelines for your citations.– At minimum, your sources should include: one book besides the textbook, two articles from scholarly journals (i.e. Foreign Affairs, Harvard International Review), two news articles from major periodicals (i.e. Washington Post, The New York Times, The Economist), and two primary sources (United Nations Resolutions, Congressional records, speeches).

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