Briefly describe the cell cycle, its checkpoints, and the general proteins required to move past each checkpoint.
Description
When answering these four questions, you may use both writing (text) and drawings. However, all drawings
should be clearly labeled, and your answers may NOT consist only of drawings.
- Trace the pathway of a protein from translation to the plasma membrane. You may name this protein anything
you want, but it must be a transmembrane protein (either single-pass integral membrane protein or multipass
channel protein), with the N-terminus on the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane. The protein must also have
several protein modifications, including (but not limited to) N-linked glycosylation, cysteine disulfide bonds,
lipid modifications, and 3-D folding.
You do not need to describe the processes of transcription or translation. Assume that transcription has already
occurred, and translation has begun, with the mRNA attached to the ribosome. You do, however, need to
describe the process(es) by which the protein is modified and transported to the plasma membrane.
Any accessory molecules encountered by your protein along the way must be returned to their starting point or
conformation. - Choose one of the following signal transduction pathways and trace the pathway of cell signaling from the
cell surface receptor to its effects on transcription.
Wnt
Hedgehog
Cytokines
Insulin
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Glucagon
In your answer, be sure to describe the cell surface receptor and its ligand, the intracellular signaling pathway,
and the regulation of this pathway, or the processes by which the signal is terminated. Also remember that the
signaling pathway you describe must go to the nucleus and affect transcription. - Briefly describe one voltage-gated ion channel and two protein pumps found in the heart. In your answer, you
should explain how the voltage-gated ion channel responds to voltage changes and how it controls which ions
pass through the channel. For the protein pumps, be sure to describe the structure of the protein pump and any
conformational changes that it goes through. Additionally, you should briefly explain the importance of each ion
channel or pump for the normal functioning of the cardiac muscle. - Briefly describe the cell cycle, its checkpoints, and the general proteins required to move past each
checkpoint. For each cell cycle checkpoint, be sure to describe what the cell is “checking for” and how this
“check” occurs, along with the result if the checkpoint cannot be passed. Your answer should also include a
description of the structure of MPF, its regulation, and its general targets or functions. Be sure to include any
accessory molecules or proteins involved in regulation of MPF, while also describing the process by which MPF
is formed and activated.
In this answer, you should also choose two proteins involved in the cell cycle, which, if mutated, will cause
cancer. Describe these proteins and their normal functions, and then show how a mutation in these proteins will
result in cancer.
Research an economic opportunity that might be available within your health care setting that will provide ethical and culturally equitable improvements to the quality of care. Then, write a 2-4 page proposal for an initiative to take advantage of that opportunity, supported with economic data and an analysis of the prospective benefits.
Assessment 1 Instructions: Proposing a New Initiative
PRINT
Research an economic opportunity that might be available within your health care setting that will provide ethical and culturally equitable improvements to the quality of care. Then, write a 2-4 page proposal for an initiative to take advantage of that opportunity, supported with economic data and an analysis of the prospective benefits.
Introduction
Note: Each assessment in this course builds upon the work you have completed in previous assessments. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in the order in which they are presented.
Master’s-level health care practitioners are charged with the responsibility of constantly scanning the external environment for shifts in the supply of, and demand for, services. Concurrently, leaders must examine their organization’s strategic direction and determine whether adjustments must be made to current service offerings, whether equipment updates are needed, whether staffing models should be changed, and whether other decisions must be made. Each decision that is proposed must be evaluated in terms of the organization as a system, alignment with the organization’s mission and strategy, available internal resources, potential contract and payer source implications, and the short- and long-term economic effects at both the micro and macro levels.
Preparation
Research an economic opportunity that might be available within your health care setting—at both micro (departmental, neighborhood) and macro (organizational, community) levels—that you believe will provide ethical and culturally equitable improvements to the quality of care. Then, propose an initiative to take advantage of that opportunity. Support your proposal with economic data (sector growth, supply versus demand, cost versus reimbursement, et cetera) and an analysis of the prospective benefits for your department and for the organization overall.
Such economic opportunities might include offering a new service line, working to improve a service line already offered, retiring an outdated or unprofitable service line, or any other initiative you believe will be of benefit to your organization in the short and long term. One example is a recently launched partnership with a local bicycle-sharing company. Your organization partners with them to host healthy community events that offer free screenings for early detection of various health issues. Free screenings help fulfill some of your organization’s preventive and healthy lifestyle initiatives, while also potentially driving referrals to other services provided by your organization.
Note: Your proposal will serve as the basis for subsequent assessments in this course.
Note: Remember that you can submit all, or a portion of, your draft proposal to Smarthinking for feedback before you submit the final version for this assessment. If you plan on using this free service, be mindful of the turnaround time of 24–48 hours for receiving feedback.
Instructions
The requirements for your proposal, outlined below, correspond to the scoring guide criteria, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, be sure to note the requirements for document forma, length, and supporting evidence.
Explain why your proposed initiative presents a viable and beneficial economic opportunity for your organization.
Describe your proposed service line or economic initiative.
Explain why your proposal presents an economic opportunity at the micro level and macro level.
Explain how your proposed initiative will provide ethical and culturally equitable improvements to the quality of care.
Analyze the economic factors of supply and demand associated with your proposed initiative, within a context relevant to your organization or care setting.
What do economic and demographic data suggest is the supply and demand?
What additional information would improve your analysis?
Explain how relevant economic and environmental data support your proposed initiative.
How does the data illustrate a potential opportunity and the economic viability of your proposal?
Write concisely and directly, using active voice.
Proofread your proposal before you submit it to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on the substance of your proposal.
Support main points, assertions, arguments, conclusions, or recommendations with relevant and credible evidence.
Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:
Assessment 1 Example [PDF].
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:
Format: Format your proposal using current APA style. Use the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] to help you in writing and formatting your proposal. Be sure to include:
A title page and references page. An abstract is not required.
A running head on all pages.
Appropriate section headings.
Length: Your proposal should be 2–4 pages in length, not including the title page and references page.
Supporting evidence: Cite 3–5 authoritative and scholarly resources to support your proposal. Be sure that your sources include specific economic data.
Portfolio Prompt: You may choose to save your proposal to your ePortfolio.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment scoring guide criteria:
Competency 1: Analyze the effects of financial and economic factors (such as cost-benefit, supply and demand, return on investment, and risks) in a health care system on patient care, services offered, and organizational structures and operation.
Analyze the economic factors of supply and demand associated with a proposed initiative, within a context relevant to a particular organization or care setting.
Competency 2: Develop ethical and culturally equitable solutions to economic problems within a health care organization in an effort to improve the quality of care and services offered.
Explain why a proposed initiative presents a viable and beneficial economic opportunity for an organization.
Competency 3: Justify the qualitative and quantitative information used to guide economic decision making to stakeholders and colleagues.
Explain how relevant economic and environmental data support a proposed initiative.
Competency 5: Produce clear, coherent, and professional written work, in accordance with Capella writing standards.
Write concisely and directly using active voice.
Support main points, assertions, arguments, conclusions, or recommendations with relevant and credible evidence.
What is the relationship of privacy to Facebook’s business model?
Please read “Business Problem-Solving Case: Facebook Privacy: Your Life for Sale” on pages 149-151 of your text and answer the following: Perform an ethical analysis of Facebook. What is the ethical dilemma presented by this case? What is the relationship of privacy to Facebook’s business model? Will Facebook be able to have a successful business model without invading privacy? Explain your answer. Are there any measures Facebook could take to make this possible?
Choose an ethical issue that you believe requires immediate global action (slavery, hunger, etc.), and explain why you chose this topic. Please share three specific, practical ways the average citizen can contribute to a solution.
Introduction
Now that we have covered a wide range of theories and philosophers, you have a final opportunity to put your
knowledge into practice in this class and discuss your values with your classmates. How do you connect what
you learned in this course with concrete actions you can take in the world? How might you comfortably analyze
a popular video, equipped with the ethical knowledge you have learned in the last eight weeks?
Discussion Question
Prepare for your discussion by completing your readings and viewings. (additional materials) Then respond to
the following in 275 or more words:
Choose an ethical issue that you believe requires immediate global action (slavery, hunger, etc.), and explain
why you chose this topic. Please share three specific, practical ways the average citizen can contribute to a
solution.
Is this an issue for which you might either sign a petition or create one? You can visit a site, such as
change.org (Links to an external site.) or an alternate site, to locate a list of featured, popular or recent
petitions. Share with the class a link to this petition.
Identify a topic of interest and undertake a literature search, detailing how you undertook the search.
Assessment Details
Learning Outcome Assessment method
Identify and appreciate the main sources of evidence relevant to health care, including qualitative and quantitative research and systematic reviews.
Apply principles of systematic enquiry to gather evidence.
Utilise a critiquing framework to assess the quality of healthcare evidence.
Identify an area of practice and demonstrate literature searching skills to seek research evidence relating to this topic.
Make judgements about the quality and applicability of evidence to identify ways to develop practice.
Assignment (3, 000 words)
Assignment title: RESEARCH CRITIQUE
Questions:
Identify a topic of interest and undertake a literature search, detailing how you undertook the search.
Identify and critique two research papers from your search, one that uses a quantitative approach and one that uses a qualitative approach.
Summarise your findings including the application to practice.
(3,000 words)
Student Guidance
The following structure is recommended:
Section Title Indicative Content Indicative Word Count
Introduction Outline the structure and content of the work.
Provide some rationale for choosing your subject and justify why the topic is important to nursing practice. *200
Literature search Here you need to precisely detail your search strategy:
⦁ Start by generating a literature search question. You should use a structure to help with this. A question will help to focus your search and make it easier to identify search terms.
⦁ Which databases did you use and why?
⦁ What key search terms did you use? How did you use them? How did you use Boolean Operators and truncation to improve your search? (see Assignment Guide 1 on Blackboard)
⦁ How many results did this yield?
⦁ How did you increase the specificity of your search using filters? You may consider tabulating some of this section. *600
Selection of literature In this section:
⦁ You need to outline how you selected the two research papers to review from those you identified in the search.
⦁ You are required to identify one quantitative and one qualitative paper. You need to justify your choice.
⦁ Please see Assignment Guide 1 on Blackboard. Consider enhancing this section with a diagrammatic representation of your selection procedure. *200
Critique In this section you need to critique the two research papers that you have selected.
The papers should be critiqued separately and in a sequential way (please see Assignment Guide 2).
You should use an appropriate framework to guide this process.
The focus here is on your ability to critique research literature.
You should utilise a variety of views (research literature) to develop your arguments and critical writing. *1600
Discussion Compare the critiqued papers.
Discuss the strengths and limitations of both research papers and their associated research paradigms (i.e. quantitative and qualitative).
Summarise your critique – what does this research tell you about your topic/research question. Where are the gaps? To what extent do they provide an answer to your literature search question?
Discuss what the findings contribute to current nursing practice in the UK. *300
Conclusion Make conclusions about the assignment process as a whole. Do not introduce new material but tie all of the preceding sections together. *100
References Follow the Harvard referencing style. Ensure that you include a sufficient number of references to demonstrate level 5 writing.
Appendices Optional- if you require one
To what extent can FX43 reduce negative symptoms and promote well-being among clinically depressed adults?
PART 1: Getting Started, Introduction, Research Question and the Literature Search
Okay, so what is the purpose of this assignment? Basically, you need to identify, examine and critique two research studies (one quantitative and one qualitative) from your field of practice. The following video links provide an overview of these two research paradigms:
A short animated clip explaining the basic principles of quantitative and qualitative research approaches: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2X-QSU6-hPU
An interesting presentation by Laura Killam discussing quantitative and qualitative research paradigms in nursing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UA0-RMPi7qE
Professor John Creswell talking about quantitative and qualitative research from a mixed-methods perspective: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OaNiTlpyX8
WHERE DO I START?
You might have not yet decided on an area of focus; or you may have several areas of interest, but cannot decide which would be best. With regards to motivation, it is often useful to pick an area you are genuinely interested in. However, you need to choose an area for which there is sufficient research. Motivation for your chosen area can come from various sources. Think about your time on placement; was there anything that you found especially interesting?
Let’s say you’re a student mental health nurse who has had placement working with individuals who experience depression. You might be aware of the side-effects associated with anti-depressant use and wonder whether these drugs are over-prescribed. You might have read about other (less harmful) approaches to treating depression. Therefore, you could choose to examine the effectiveness of newer talking therapies, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), or mindfulness in treating depression. Alternatively, you may want to examine the effects of herbal medications in alleviating symptoms of depression.
Maybe there is something you have experienced in placement that you want to know more about. If not, you could always conduct a web-search, or look at nursing organisations to see what they are talking about.
To further assist with this assignment guide, a fictitious example will be used. It will involve a herbal alternative for treating depression called FX43. This herbal medication was originally sold as a diet-pill, but failed to have any significant impact on weight loss. However, some users reported that the medication had a positive effect on their mood. As a result, there have been a series of research studies examining the effects of this medication as an anti-depressant. Whilst quantitative research studies (i.e. RCTs) have examined how effective this medication is in reducing symptoms of depression, qualitative studies have explored the experiences of taking the medication and have helped to develop theory as to how it works.
INTRODUCTION: Outline the structure and content of the work. Describe why this topic is important to nursing practice.
You may also briefly describe the structure of the assignment in your introduction. However, don’t just describe a generic structure:
E.g. ‘This assignment will start with a literature search using databases and then critique two pieces of literature in a chosen area….. It will end with a conclusion and reference list.’
Be specific to your area:
E.g. ‘Due to the challenges surrounding anti-depressant use, the current assignment will identify two pieces of research (one qualitative; one quantitative) exploring the effects of FX43 in treating depression. A systematic search will be conducted using three relevant databases (CINAHL, BND and PsycINFO). Both studies will be stringently examined using Polit and Beck’s (2010) critiquing framework. Their strengths, limitations, and contributions to theory and practice will be discussed.
A good introduction will use evidence to emphasise a problem and demonstrate rationale for the exploring the area. So, your rationale might be (again, this is fictitious):
Depression is a growing concern in the UK (Mind, 2015). Increasing numbers of individuals are being prescribed anti-depressant medication to alleviate symptoms and promote well-being (REF). A series of recent research studies have highlighted a range of negative side effects which can be particularly detrimental to patients with depression (e.g. REF; REF; REF). Whilst talking therapies are a valuable alternative to pharmacological interventions, waiting times in the UK can be high (REF). In some instances, this has been particularly detrimental to patients. FX43 is a herbal medication developed to assist with weight loss. A systematic review suggested FX43 was ineffective at controlling weight gain (REF), but tended to increase the mood of participants. This assignment will report a systematic literature search and critically examination of two pieces of research (1 quantitative and 1 qualitative) exploring the effects of FX43 as an antidepressant medication.
LITERATURE SEARCH QUESTION:
To assist with your literature search and selection, it is useful to generate a literature search or clinical question after the introduction. This question is mainly for the literature search section and will help you identify two similar articles for your critique. You could use the PIO or PICO system to help generate a question (see Polit & Beck, 2014). Whilst a PICO question is more suitable for identifying quantitative research articles, a PIO question is more basic and might be more relevant for this assignment, as it more easily accommodates both qualitative and quantitative studies. The PIO components for the hypothetical question for this assignment guide are listed below:
Population: Adults with depression
Intervention: FX43
Outcome: reduce symptoms of depression / promote well-being
Using these criteria, the following question was generated:
To what extent can FX43 reduce negative symptoms and promote well-being among clinically depressed adults?
An alternative approach would be to propose two related questions (one for quantitative and another for quantitative):
How does FX43 compare to Prozac in treating adults diagnosed with depression?
What are the experiences of experiences of individuals taking FX43?
LITERATURE SEARCH:
This section should precisely detail your literature search strategy and the process for selecting your two articles. Ideally, your search should be transparent enough to be replicated by the reader. Try to display your information in a way that shows every step of the process.
Which databases did you use? – Think about why you used these particular databases and justify your choice. We recommend at least two databases that are relevant to your chosen topic area.
What key search terms did you use? – When conducting a search, it is important to consider the most appropriate search terms for your chosen area. For the fictitious example presented above, the following search terms were generated for identifying papers surrounding depression:
‘depression’, ‘depressed’, ‘depressive illness’, ‘unipolar depression’, ‘affective disorder’.
Unlike a Google search, many database search engines only search for the exact word that you type in. Therefore, if you type in ‘depression’, it will identify articles containing the work ‘depression’. It will not identify articles which have used the term ‘depressed’, or ‘depressive’ instead of ‘depression’. This could limit your findings, because some authors may not use ‘depression’ as a term. After all, it is perfectively acceptable to use ‘depressive illness’ or ‘depressed individuals’.
So, does that mean we need to type all of these variations of depression into the search box?
Not necessarily. As we can see, there are three terms here that start with the letters ‘depress’. Therefore, we can use an asterisk symbol (e.g. ) to tell the search engine that we are looking for all terms that start with ‘depress’. Typing ‘depress’ will identify articles that use either ‘depression’, ‘depressive’ and ‘depressed’. It is also useful to put on the end of words where the plural of the word may also be valid for the search. For example: ‘Nurse’ and ‘Nurses’ – to search for both of these, you could type in ‘Nurse’. If you also wanted to search for ‘Nursing’, you could type in ‘Nurs’.
However, you will have noticed that there were some other terms we have not covered with depress* (i.e. ‘affective disorder’). These terms would need to be entered separately. You may consider using the ‘OR’ operator when using different terms. For example:
(depress* OR affective disorder*)
In addition, the AND and NOT operators can also be used. See Polit and Beck for further details on using these. Table 1 on the next page provides an example of how AND and OR were used in this fictitious search.
How many results did this yield?
A great way to show this is by using a table similar to the one below. It shows the number of articles for each search term for three databases. You will see that the search terms were entered progressively and the number of hits were recorder for each search. In addition, two filters were added after the final search which reduced the findings even further. You may choose to add the filters at the start of the search. You would need to specify this.
Table 1:
Quantitative and Qualitative search strategy for the three databases
Search PSYCinfo CINAHL BND
Quantitative
(depress* OR affective disorder) 36, 623 32, 345 1, 023 (depress OR affective disorder) AND FX23 102 89 56 (depress OR affective disorder) AND FX23 AND effective 87 57 42
(depress* OR affective disorder) AND FX23 AND effective AND (trial OR RCT) 23 18 3
Filters: 2010-present 21 16 3
Filters: full-text 9 6 1
Qualitative
(depress* OR affective disorder*)
36, 623
32, 345
1, 023
(depress* OR affective disorder) AND FX23 102 89 56 (depress OR affective disorder) AND FX23 AND (qualitative OR experience) 32 23 14
Filters: 2010-present 30 21 14
Filters: full-text 8 6 4
After this fictitious search, we are left with a total of 34 studies (16 quantitative studies and 18 quantitative studies) when we combine the final search results from the three databases.
How do we choose the two studies that we want?
It is likely that your databases will have identified duplicate results, and many of these will not be appropriate. You may choose to demonstrate how you identified your articles, using a flow diagram. On the following page, there is a 7-step flow chart which show the 34 articles were reduced to one qualitative study and one quantitative study (see Figure 1).
STEP 1 involves totalling all studies from the three databases (or however many you have used).
STEP 2 involves the removal of duplicates (i.e. duplicate studies that were identified in more than one database).
STEP 3 provides the total number of studies after duplicates were removed.
STEP 4 involves the removal of studies after their titles and abstracts were examined. These studies would have likely been deemed as not quite appropriate or relevant to the area of interest.
STEP 5 provides the total number of studies after.
STEP 4 was conducted and less relevant papers were removed.
STEP 6 is a major step, where the remaining papers were examined in depth. Often the hierarchy of evidence is used to assist with this step. It mainly involves reading through the remaining studies and identifying those most relevant to your assignment and chosen area.
STEP 7 reports the two selected studies after the previous steps.
Please note that it is not essential to use a flow diagram in this assignment. If you do use one, it might be more relevant to use in the SELECTION OF LITERATURE section. However, if you do use a flow diagram, make sure it is discussed in the main-body of the assignment. The selection of literature and the critiquing components will be discussed in the Assignment Guide Part 2
Figure 1: Flow diagram showing steps taken in selecting articles
Please listen to the Serial Episode and post a thoughtful question in our class forum as described in the Syllabus.
Serial Episode Eleven
https://serialpodcast.org/season-one/11/rumors
Part I – Please listen to the Serial Episode and post a thoughtful question in our class forum as described in the Syllabus.
Part II – Please respond thoughtfully to at least one other student’s question as described in the Syllabus.
After listening to this week of serial, I thought it was almost all about Adnan’s personality and whether he did it or not. A theme that seems to be going on throughout the podcast is that Hae broke Adnan’s heart and that it was very wrong according to his beliefs. I think this might have had a pointing finger since we learned that according to his faith when a woman almost takes control, you feel less like a man. This could have been a factor that prompted Adnan to rethink his strategy of what to do. Another thing that I doubt is that in the episode, Adnan is heavenly portrayed as a psychopath with murderous tendencies. One vital aspect is understanding his motives of why he might have done it is given by ‘Huing.’ According to him, many murders are not premeditated, which means they are not planned, as often happens when someone is being pushed over the edge. In Adnan’s case, I believe that this might have been the case. If we look at his religion playing a significant role, his mindset could easily have pushed him towards the extreme to commit something. But the quote stating most killers aren’t psychopaths, I feel, fits pretty good on Adnan if he did commit the murder. And only four people do believe that Adnan was even capable of such horrific actions, to achieve the murder on Hae, that he used charming views to deflect guild which according to those people would classify him as a psychopathic killer in the end. But, I do also believe that people who, according to Koenig, push for innocence despite the circumstances are wrongfully convicted turned out in the episode to be just as likely as being someone who did it. According to Huing, I think that the idea that many potential murderers might have amnesia is that they forget things and say outright that they have absolutely no recollection of doing the act. When it comes to Adnan, I feel that it is now a 50/50 chance that he is the killer. He displays tendencies of having to do it according to all these experts, but in the end, the question remains whether they have the proof. My thoughtful question is whether the breakup between Adnan and Hae did push him over the edge to the point that he committed the murder?; he certainly has the motive and means if you think that the act of breakup is the powderkeg that the action in motion, next week will likely tell the final pieces.
Explain the key features of qualitative and quantitative research approaches
FZ2061 Research Methods
Assignment Brief
Assignment 1: Research Proposal + Literature Review
This assessment requires you to submit a 2,500-word assignment in the format of a research proposal with an embedded literature review. It should reflect a ‘typical’ research proposal that you would produce if applying for research funding for a specific project or postgraduate study. This assignment will assess your ability to design a research study alongside evaluating relevant academic literature on a topic of your choice. You should reference your work within the text and must include a reference list; format your referencing according to Harvard Cite them Right.
This assessment counts toward 100% of your mark for this module.
This assignment must be submitted through Blackboard using Turnitin.
Learning Outcomes
This assessment will test your ability to meet learning outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as described in your module booklet:
Evaluate relevant academic literature;
Develop appropriate research questions;
- Explain the key features of qualitative and quantitative research approaches;
- Identify the advantages and disadvantages of different research methods.
- Design a research project.
Aims of Assessment
To assess your ability to present findings from published literature;
To assess your ability to critically review material presented in the literature;
To evaluate your professional research study and writing skills;
To ensure that you are able to reference your sources using an accepted referencing system (Harvard Cite them Right);
To assess your knowledge of research methods.
To encourage you to read and understand the published literature, particularly peer-reviewed journal articles;
Assessment criteria
Your submission should demonstrate research of and reference to academic sources (peer reviewed journal articles, books and reports), and an understanding of relevant theories and methods. You will be marked according to the content and communication of the research literature within your project.
Project Proposal Guidance
Project design:
Be extra critical: is there something in your course so far that you have been sceptical about, or which you think needs further study?
Look for gaps in the research and recommendations for further study in the conclusion of papers and reports to identify a potential aim and RQ.
Read about an interesting topic and keep asking the question ‘Why?’: this may identify a research question you could address. While we encourage you to design a research proposal for something that particularly interests you, remember that it needs to be connected to the course content (Policing, Forensics, CSI) you have been exposed to on your undergraduate degree.
Think about feasibility – how possible is it to undertake the research you are proposing? Marks will be awarded according to how researchable a project is.
Length – as your assignment is 2,500 words in total, we recommend you devote 1000 words of this to the project proposal outlining aims, objectives and RQs, methodology and ethical considerations for your chosen project.
There are examples of Project proposals on Blackboard to assist you.
Follow the template provided to structure your research proposal.
Do not write in first person – refer to ‘this analysis indicates’, ‘the proposed aims will address’, ‘the discussion will explore’, ‘the evidence base suggests’ etc.
Literature Review:
A literature review requires you to collate current, relevant information on a given topic. Typically, the purpose of a literature review is to gain an understanding of the existing research and arguments relevant to a particular topic or area of study, and to present that knowledge in the form of a written report.
Conducting a literature review helps you to build your knowledge in your field, as well as succinctly informing your reader. This should not be an exhaustive list describing all of the research completed on the topic; it should identify the major studies and most pertinent issues.
The literature review should start with an introductory paragraph, that includes an overview of the problem/topic and the scope of your review.
You should discuss similar findings together, identifying key findings and limitations and/or criticisms of the work.
Aim to develop a clear argument and identify any gaps in the existing understanding.
The literature review should end with a concluding paragraph that summarises your key points/arguments. Remember, we don’t just want to know what’s been done and what we already know, we want to understand where the gaps in knowledge are and why this is important (practical/theoretical implications).
Length – as your assignment is 2,500 words in total, we recommend you devote 1,500 words of this to the literature review portion of your proposal outlining the research problem with explicit support from the wider literature.
Tips:
Read published literature reviews (found at the beginning of journal articles) for an awareness of the structure, writing style and content.
Discussion sections (found at the end of journal articles) can be useful indicators as to the gaps in understanding and requirements for future work.
Reference lists of published work can be helpful in directing you to additional relevant sources of information.
Presentation of work
Your work must be word processed and presented in accordance with the guidelines laid down in the Assessment Handbook. It is your responsibility to ensure that your work is neatly and accurately presented and you will lose marks for poor spelling, grammar and sentence construction.
Referencing Style
Any piece of written work must be referenced. That means citing the literature to say where you got that piece of information and to enable the reader to go to the original source. All citations and references must be in Harvard format as outlined by ‘Cite them Right’ Referencing (see Blackboard web links and Useful information). If you do not do this you will unnecessarily lose marks.
Word Count
The word limit is 2,500 words +/- 10%. This excludes the reference list.
The rules on submission of coursework and penalties for lateness and plagiarism are contained in the Assessment Handbook.
Plagiarism – a reminder!
Any material submitted for assessment must be produced specifically for the assessment and must be your own work and the result of your own efforts. The use of work produced for another purpose by you, working alone or with others, must be acknowledged.
Copying from the works of another person (including Internet sources) constitutes plagiarism, which is an offence within the University’s regulations. Brief quotations from the published or unpublished works of another person, suitably attributed, are acceptable. You must always use your own words except when using properly referenced quotations.
You are advised when taking notes from books or other sources to make notes in your own words, in a selective and critical way.
Plagiarism is an ‘examination offence’. This means that you would score 0%. No resit will be offered for any assessed work failed because of plagiarism. Hence, you would fail the module. You would also be liable for disciplinary action which could lead to dismissal from the University.
Any case of plagiarism will be mentioned in any reference given to a prospective employer or academic institution.
Discuss Prevention and Management of Violence and Aggression (PMVA) Training
Learning theory to be use for the essay is Social Learning Theory by (Albert Bandura).
Kolb’s learning style inventory.
Please this learning event is a suggestion, should you have one you prefer to use please share with me as I am happy to consider. The learning event can be summarized as the essay is aim at focusing on critically analyzing the learning theory and style
Learning event. Depot injection.
This was an intramuscular injection.
The injection was given into the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle.
The name of the patient was James.
The learning event took place at a depot clinic where I was sent to complete my placement. The clinic had about 24 patients booked for injections. Myself Practice assessor had spoken few times about giving a deport injection as this was one of my learning objectives. Previously on one occasion he had carried out depot injection on a patient whilst I observed. However, as there were not enough patients on his caseload for me to practice on, he suggested that we attend a depot clinic.
On the day of the event while the patients were waiting outside the clinical room, we got into the clinic area, he demonstrated how to draw up the drug, location of the upper outer quadrant and inject. I was initially hoping that I would observe him performing the techniques, but he said to me that when the patient comes in, he will introduce us and ask if the patient would prefer himself or me to give the injection.? Although he was fully aware that I had not given an injection before, and could sense my anxiety, he reassured me that I will feel more confident by getting into it straight away.
The first patient was Mr James, as he walked in was made to feel welcome by offering a seat and started charting. James said he would prefer me to give him his depot. My practice assessor watched as I assembled all the equipment required which includes the drug, medication chart, syringe, alcohol pre pad and new needle, he was there guiding me through the process
I confirm James was who he said he is by asking question about date of birth and name, washed my hands, drew up the medication using the syringe and changed the needle, I showed my practice assessor the upper outer quadrant gluteal area by making a cross sign of the bottom and another cross sign on the upper outer of the bottom where I then clean the inject site with an alcohol pad and allowed dry. I spread the skin with her fingers and inject the needle straight down in the dart like motion all the way and aspirate then inject. The injection needle disposed in the sharp bin, James was asked how he felt which he responded “good”. By the end of my first day I had given 12 deport injection and was confident. I got positive feedback from patient and my practice assessor, I felt pleased with myself though I was worried at the beginning.
Please when discussing the future plan as a registered nurse consider discussing
- Prevention and Management of Violence and Aggression (PMVA) Training
- Preceptorship for a newly qualified nurse
What specifically does the Church teach on this topic?
The student will submit one paper. It will be between 1200 and 1600 words. The purpose of each
paper will be to explain a specific point of Catholic doctrine (i.e., a specific teaching), particularly
answering
the questions: What specifically does the Church teach on this topic? and Why does the Church
hold this
teaching? Papers should not be written on strictly moral teachings, that is, the teaching in question
should not directly
and principally concern what is right or wrong behavior (so euthanasia, abortion, contraception,
capital
punishment, or environmental ethics are not suitable topics).
The paper will make use of
● at least one relevant patristic source (i.e., a Christian writing from before 750),
● at least one relevant passage of Scripture,
● at least one relevant magisterial document (i.e., an official Church document containing
authoritative teaching of the Catholic Church other than a catechism, e.g., a document
promulgated by a general council or a document issued by the pope acting as supreme
teacher of the Church
● at least one approved theological “systematic” work covering the paper’s topic (a list of
approved systematic works will be provided to the class, others may be approved on a
case-by-case basis).
● In addition to these sources, the paper is to make reference to the relevant discussion of the
paper’s topic in either the Catechism of the CatholicChurch or in the “Roman Catechism” (1566).
These are minimal requirements to complete the assignment; it is hoped that papers will use more
than
only these five sources.
The purpose of the paper is to explain clearly and accurately what specifically the Church teaches
on your chosen topic and to explain why the Church holds that teaching. The topic should be a
specific topic on which the Church has some definite teaching. Further, the topic should not be a
specifically moral teaching (so not euthanasia, not abortion, not our obligation to protect the
environment)–if in doubt, please ask.
Some examples of general areas (followed by specific teachings that would individually be suitable
paper topics) off the top of my head:
The Trinity, for example:
that there are three divine Persons in the one God
that the Son eternally proceeds from the Father.
Christ, (just a few of very very many possible topics):
That Christ is a divine Person
That Christ had both a divine and human nature
That Christ could suffer and feel pain
That Christ had a human intellect and will
That Christ atoned for our sins by His passion and death
Mary, e.g.:
that she was conceived without original sin,
that she is the Mother of God,
that she was assumed into heaven at the end of her earthly life (This one could be difficult).
Sacraments (again, only a very few out of very many):
That Christ is truly and substantially present in the Eucharist
That the Church has the power to forgive sins
That Baptism cleanses from all prior sin
That the sacraments work ex opere operato (they aren’t magic, but they also aren’t just ordinary
prayers)
That the orders of deacon, priest, and bishop were instituted by Christ.
That the Church does not have the power to ordain women to the priesthood.
The Last Things:
That every individual will be judged immediately after death
That heaven includes the immediate vision of God in Himself
That there is a purgatory
That those who die unrepentant of moral sins immediately descend to hell.
That there is a general resurrection.
This really is only a few. If you look at Ott or Pohle-Preuss (see below) you can find lots of further
ideas.
Again, the purpose of the paper should explain what the Church holds and why it holds it. To break
that down further:
What the Church holds . . .
The topic of the paper (what the prospectus is laying out) should be able to be formulated in the
form, “The Church teaches that . . .”; So it should be a specific proposition that the Church holds,
(e.g., “The Church teaches that Mary is mother of God” or “The Church teaches that Mary was
conceived without original sin”) rather than a general topic (e.g., Mary). You should be careful, as
you write your paper, to be sure it stays on topic.
As part of showing what the Church teaches, the paper should explain any difficult or easily
misunderstood phrases in the teaching. (e.g., if one is explaining that “Mary was conceived without
original sin” it would be helpful to explain briefly the Church’s understanding of original sin).
Here is a good place to bring up Magisterial statements (and, to a lesser degree, also statements
from one or more catechism) that actually show, in the Church’s own words, what the Church
teaches.
Also, the Church’s teaching is often most clear when it is rejecting or condemning theories that it
holds are incompatible with the faith. The Church is often happy to let theologians hold their
theories and tends to only offer definitive teaching when someone advances a theory that the
Church holds is error. So, in clarifying what the Church holds, it is often just as important to look
carefully at what the Church doesn’t hold. So consider any related condemned positions.
Why the Church holds it . . .
Whatever the Church teaches, she teaches because she holds that it is somehow connected to the
deposit of faith. So how can the teaching in question be found in or derived from the deposit of
faith? Where is it in Scripture? Where is it in the fathers? Is the teaching implied by another
teaching?
As you write your paper, be sure to stick to the purpose of the paper: Explaining clearly what the
Church teaches, and why it teaches what it teaches. I have found that students sometimes treat
these papers as opportunities to explore their personal musing on life, the universe, and
everything. Such musing may or may not have much value, but in either case sharing them isn’t
the purpose of the paper. The purpose of the paper is to expalin one specific thing that the Church
teaches: what it means and why the Church holds it.
Also be especially careful to be precise and accurate in describing the Church’s teaching. This is
not the place for sloppy paraphrases that kinda-sorta give the general idea. This the place for
precision of language.
As to sources,
In order to complete the assignment, the paper must actually make use of five sorts of sources:
(1) at least one relevant patristic source
(2) at lease one relevant passage of scripture
(3) at least one relevant magisterial source
(4) any relevant passages from either the Catechism of the Catholic Church or the Roman
Catechism (I expect that you will find at least one)
(5) at least one relevant and approved systematic work of theology.
‘Relevant’ should be taken to mean that the specific passage being used directly relates to the
topic of the paper.
(And to remove ambiguity: The early ecumenical councils will count as magisterial sources rather
than as patristic sources. Likewise early official papal documents are considered magisterial
sources, although not works of theology that happened to be authored by popes–like Gregory the
Great’s Moralia. If you have questions about how a particular early source will be counted please
reach out to me.)
As to (4), you should already have access to the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Roman
Catechism is widely available, both in print and online, for example, here: http://
www.saintsbooks.net/books/The%20Roman%20Catechism.pdf .
The pre-approved, systematic treatments (5) are:
–Ludwig Ott, Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma (one of the recommended texts for the course,
see the syllabus)–this is a one-volume handbook of Catholic theology. It tends to be very brief in its
treatment of individual points (since it is a handbook), but it usually cuts to the heart of the
argument. This is not out of copyright, but in the past it has nonetheless been available online.
–Pohle and Preuss are author and editor/translator of a series of books on Catholic systematic
theology. (Digitized and available for free via Google books among others). These books are like
Ott, but longer, more in-depth, and somewhat easier to read (in part because it is longer; links to all
twelve volumes are available here: http://iteadthomam.blogspot.com/2017/09/pohle-preussdogmatic-theology-12-vols.html .)
–The old Catholic Encyclopedia (also out of copyright and freely available online from multiple
sources, e.g., here: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/ ).
–The New Catholic Encyclopedia (available in the reference room in the library.)
In general starting with a couple of good systematic treatments of your topic is usually best. Then
you can look at the sources that the systematic treatment cites.
Aside from the resources already mentioned a couple further sources you might want to be aware
of:
–J.N.D. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines (also a recommended text) has good, detailed, scholarly
treatment of the early history of the development of key doctrines.
–Jaroslav Pellikan, The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Vol. 1: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100-600) is similar to JND Kelly. Very scholarly. Lots and
lots of citations of primary (patristic) sources.
Either of these two should be useful in finding passages that satisfy requirement (1) above.
Further, papers are to conform to the norms set forth in Turabian (see recommended texts).
Citations should be presented in footnotes (what Turabian terms “notes-bibliography style”).
Papers are to be typeset entirely in a single, 12pt serif font (e.g., Times New Roman). The body of
the
paper is to be double spaced, excepting block quotations and heading.
Papers are to have the student’s last name and the page number on the upper right corner of all
pages
except the first.
Papers that are fewer than 1000 words and that have fewer than 3 cited works may omit a
bibliography; otherwise a bibliography is expected. (The term paper should thus have a
bibliography.)
Papers that are at least 1000 words are to have a title page (thus, the term paper should have a
title
page). All papers less than 1000 words in length should have, in lieu of a title page, on the first
page the
following header, single spaced, on the top left corner:
Author’s Name
Class number and name (E.g., THEO3349: Christ and the Moral Life)
Professor’s name
Date Submitted
Below this, after skipping a line, the title of the paper should be produced, single spaced, centered,
and in all capitals.
Below this, again skipping a line, the text of the paper should begin.
Well known and widely available works that have standard divisions of the text (E.g., the Bible, the
Summa Theologiae, the dialogues of Plato, theCatechism of the Catholic Church) can be cited
without providing full
bibliographical information in the footnote, and should be cited by the standard division. Under no
circumstances should you cite the Bible by page number.
