Discuss the positive impacts of using online counseling services. 

 In response to your peers, discuss the positive impacts of using online counseling services. 
1#   Teletherapy has been around for many years. I started becoming more popular once the COVID-19 pandemic hit. I think that counseling via the Internet has its pros and cons. In the other course I am currently taking, we discussed how teletherapy has become popular, the advantages and disadvantages, and how we think it will help us in our practice. I see how teletherapy can be effective and how it can be ineffective. Some specific ethical questions that need to be raised are privacy, confidentiality, security issues/data breaches, and being able to observe the clients’ body language. There are many more ethical questions that should be raised with teletherapy. “Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Issues Among concerns about privacy, confidentiality, security, and safety in online psychotherapy, one relates to using unsecured websites or unencrypted communication tools, like commercially available software that is easily hacked. Data security may also be compromised when technology fails, with potential breaches of confidentiality that might extend beyond the therapist’s control (Stoll et al., 2020).” ” Ethical issues such as informed consent, confidentiality, privacy, self-disclosure, boundaries, and multiple relationships can have special significance when Internet technologies are involved. A significant ethical concern pertains to who is actually on the other end when providing distance counseling (Corey, 2019).” I would be comfortable with using this form of technology in my counseling practice. I think that teletherapy can be very effective and beneficial as office-based therapy. 
Question: What are some drawbacks to online therapy?
2#  Counseling via the Internet is a form of online therapy that can benefit people who need mental health support. There are many advantages available with this option of treatment. First, online therapy can be more accessible, convenient, and affordable than in-person therapy, providing a greater choice of therapists to suit different needs and preferences. It can also help reduce stigma and barriers associated with seeking help for mental health issues (Cherry, 2022).
However, online therapy also poses some challenges and ethical issues that may need to be addressed. Some disadvantages and concerns of online therapy include that it may not provide the same level of rapport, intimacy, and nonverbal communication as in-person therapy (Cherry, 2022). Because of the lack of familiarity, online treatment may not be suitable for people with severe or complex mental health problems or needing medication or crisis intervention. There may be confidentiality, security, and privacy issues, especially if the online platform is not encrypted or secure (Stringer, n.d.).
How would you handle a patients mental health crisis, thorough online counseling?

Case study: J.T.  is a 20 year-old who reports to you that he feels depressed and is experiencing a significant amount of stress about school, noting that he’ll “probably flunk out.” He spends much of his day in his dorm room playing video games and has a hard time identifying what, if anything, is enjoyable in a typical day. He rarely attends class and has avoided reaching out to his professors to try to salvage his grades this semester. Generate a primary and differential diagnosis using the DSM-5 criteria. Develop a biopsychosocial plan of care for this client. Compare and contrast fear, worry, anxiety, and panic.

 Analyze and apply critical thinking skills in the psychopathology of mental health patients and provide treatment and health promotion while applying evidence-based research.Scenario:
J.T.  is a 20 year-old who reports to you that he feels depressed and is experiencing a significant amount of stress about school, noting that he’ll “probably flunk out.” He spends much of his day in his dorm room playing video games and has a hard time identifying what, if anything, is enjoyable in a typical day. He rarely attends class and has avoided reaching out to his professors to try to salvage his grades this semester.

J.T. has always been a self-described shy person and has had a very small and cohesive group of friends from elementary through high school. Notably, his level of stress significantly amplified when he began college.
You learn that when meeting new people, he has a hard time concentrating on the interaction because he is busy worrying about what they will think of him – he assumes they will find him “dumb,” “boring,” or a “loser.” When he loses his concentration, he stutters, is at a loss for words, and starts to sweat, which only serves to make him feel more uneasy. After the interaction, he replays the conversation over and over again, focusing on the “stupid” things he said. Similarly, he has a long-standing history of being uncomfortable with authority figures and has had a hard time raising his hand in class and approaching teachers. Since starting college, he has been isolating more, turning down invitations from his roommate to go eat or hang out, ignoring his cell phone when it rings, and habitually skipping class. His concerns about how others view him are what drive him to engage in these avoidance behaviors.
Questions:
Remember to answer these questions from your textbooks and NP guidelines. At all times, explain your answers. 

Generate a primary and differential diagnosis using the DSM-5 criteria.
Develop a biopsychosocial plan of care for this client.
Compare and contrast fear, worry, anxiety, and panic.

Submission In

As stated in the biological or evolutionary theoretical orientation and he integrative theoretical orientation. What is a main difference between these theoretical orientations? What is similar between these theories?  Which one do you more closely align with.

 
BIOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY AND INTEGRATIVE PERSONALITY THEORIES
Based on your readings for this Week, access the Personality Theory Matrix and complete the requested information in Column G section for Biological and Evolutionary Theory and Column H section for Integrative Theory. You can use this information to support your Discussion post and response this week. 
Note: Continue to populate the Personality Theory Matrix spreadsheet you began in Week 2 to guide your learning about personality theories for your Module Assessment and submit it in Week 8 as part of your Module Assessment.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 
 

Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2019). Personality: Theory and research (14th ed.). Wiley.

Chapter 9, “Biological Foundations of Personality” (pp. 241–272)

Damasio, H. (2018). Phineas Gage: The brain and the behavior. Revue Neurologique, 174(10), 738–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2018.09.005
Epstein, S. (2012). Cognitive-experiential self-theory: An integrative theory of personality Download Cognitive-experiential self-theory: An integrative theory of personality. In I. B. Weiner, H. A. Tennen & J. M. Suls, (Eds.), Handbook of psychology, Vol. 5: Personality and social psychology (2nd ed., pp. 93–118). Wiley. [Seminal]Credit Line: Handbook of Psychology, Volume 5, Personality and Social Psychology, 2nd Edition by Irving B. Weiner, Howard A. Tennen, Jerry M. Suls. Copyright 2012–Present by John Wiley & Sons. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Fajkowska, M., & DeYoung, C. G. (2015). Introduction to the special issue on integrative theories of personality. Journal of Research in PersonalityLinks to an external site., 56, 1–3.
Michalski, R. L., & Shackelford, T. K. (2010). Evolutionary personality psychology: Reconciling human nature and individual differences. Personality and Individual DifferencesLinks to an external site., 48(5), 509–516.
Prochaska, J. O., & Norcross, J. C. (2018). The case of Mrs. C. Download The case of Mrs. C.In, Systems of Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Analysis (9th ed., pp. 15–17). Oxford University Press.Credit Line: SYSTEMS OF PYSCHOTHERAPY: A Transtheoretical Analysis, 9th Edition, by James O. Prochaska and John C. Norcross. Copyright 2018 by Oxford University Press. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press via the Copyright Clearance Center.Note: You will use this  personality case study to complete your  Assignments in Weeks 2-6 and your Module Assessment. Download this case study and continue to use it throughout this Module.
Sanchez-Roige, S., Gray, J. C., MacKillop, J., Chen, C.?H., & Palmer, A. A. (2018). The genetics of human personality. Genes, Brain and BehaviorLinks to an external site., 17(3), 1–13.
van Rijn, B., & Wild, C. (2013). Humanistic and integrative therapies for anxiety and depression: Practice-based evaluation of transactional analysis, gestalt, and integrative psychotherapies and person-centered counseling. Transactional Analysis JournalLinks to an external site., 43(2), 150–163.

TO PREPARE

Review the Learning Resources, focusing on theorists, cultural considerations, assessments/interventions, limitations, and unique aspects of both psychoanalytic theory and trait theory.

BY DAY 4
Post one key idea from the biological or evolutionary theoretical orientation and one from the integrative theoretical orientation. What is a main difference between these theoretical orientations? What is similar between these theories?  Which one do you more closely align with?

Describe the role of biology and culture in the field of social psychology, after 1990. How do you think the field will change because of this more recent shift?

_1-3Discussion_BiologyandCulture.pdf

1-3 Discussion: Biology and
Culture

Describe the role of biology and culture in the field of social psychology,
after 1990. How do you think the field will change because of this more
recent shift?

Use research from the Shapiro Library to support your claims.

To complete this assignment, review the Discussion Rubric.

GraduateDiscussionRubric.html.zip

Graduate Discussion Rubric.html
Graduate Discussion Rubric
Overview
Your active participation in the discussions is essential to your overall success this term. Discussion questions will help you make meaningful connections between the course content and the larger concepts of the course. These discussions give you a chance to express your own thoughts, ask questions, and gain insight from your peers and instructor.
Directions
For each discussion, you must create one initial post and follow up with at least two response posts.
For your initial post, do the following:

Write a post of 1 to 2 paragraphs.
In Module One, complete your initial post by Thursday at 11:59 p.m. Eastern.
In Modules Two through Ten, complete your initial post by Thursday at 11:59 p.m. of your local time zone.
Consider content from other parts of the course where appropriate. Use proper citation methods for your discipline when referencing scholarly or popular sources.

For your response posts, do the following:

Reply to at least two classmates outside of your own initial post thread.
In Module One, complete your two response posts by Sunday at 11:59 p.m. Eastern.
In Modules Two through Ten, complete your two response posts by Sunday at 11:59 p.m. of your local time zone.
Demonstrate more depth and thought than saying things like “I agree” or “You are wrong.” Guidance is provided for you in the discussion prompt.

Discussion Rubric

Criteria
Exemplary
Proficient
Needs Improvement
Not Evident
Value

Comprehension
Develops an initial post with an organized, clear point of view or idea using rich and significant detail (100%)
Develops an initial post with a point of view or idea using appropriate detail (90%)
Develops an initial post with a point of view or idea but with some gaps in organization and detail (70%)
Does not develop an initial post with an organized point of view or idea (0%)
20

Timeliness
N/A
Submits initial post on time (100%)
Submits initial post one day late (70%)
Submits initial post two or more days late (0%)
10

Engagement
Provides relevant and meaningful response posts with clarifying explanation and detail (100%)
Provides relevant response posts with some explanation and detail (90%)
Provides somewhat relevant response posts with some explanation and detail (70%)
Provides response posts that are generic with little explanation or detail (0%)
20

Critical Thinking
Draws insightful conclusions that are thoroughly defended with evidence and examples (100%)
Draws informed conclusions that are justified with evidence (90%)
Draws logical conclusions (70%)
Does not draw logical conclusions (0%)
30

Describes the definition, history and current US evidence surround the use of the Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment in the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner role.

 
Develop a PowerPoint presentation that includes the following criteria:

Slide 1:  Title Page.
Slide 2:  SBIRT overview – Describe the history of SBIRT, the SBIRT process and how it is used in clinical practice settings using US research articles.
Slide 3:  Case Presentation – Do not include patient identifying information but include demographics i.e. age, gender, race/ethnicity, chief complaint, social history, family psychiatric history, psychiatric history, and risk factors.
Slide 4:  Screening Tool used – Describe the screening tool, validity (sensitivity and specificity), scoring information, and citation.  Your patient’s score and the interpretation of the patient’s score are required.
Slide 5:  Brief Intervention – How was the Motivational Interviewing process applied and shared your client’s score and need for behavioral changes.  Discuss the four stages of motivational interviewing and provide details of how the techniques were used.  A transcript of your encounter with the patient conducting the OARS technique is expected.  Discuss the roadblocks used or those avoided to obtain full points. Discuss the patient’s stage of change before the intervention was performed
Slide 6:  Referral for Treatment – Describe the 3 referrals for follow-up treatment plan.  Include the name, address, and telephone number of the local large organization (MUST BE IN MIAMI area)  Be specific with the department where necessary.
Slide 7:  Evaluation of the process – Share the patient’s outcome and your evaluation of the SBIRT process.
Slide 8:  References –5 references.  7th Edition APA format.  Include Screening Tool authors.Formatted and cited in current APA style 7 ed  with support from at least 5 academic sources which need to be journal articles or books from 2019 up to now. NO WEBSITES allowed for reference entry. Include doi, page numbers, etc. Plagiarism must be less than 10%.

Submission Instructions:

The PowerPoint presentation should be formatted per current APA guidelines and 10 slides in length, including the title and references slides. For presentation clarification, students need to include the presenter’s notes.

 SBIRT Rubric 
 SBIRT Overview :
 Describes the definition, history and current US evidence surround the use of the Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment in the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner role. Specifically addressed the disease as it relates to  the following populations: an adult. 
 Screening Tool :
 The screening tool used was discussed in detail. The tool used was highly specific and sensitive, based on current US evidence, to the population, ethnicity, age, and gender of the client. The raw score and its interpretation were discussed in detail. 
 Brief Intervention :
 Provides a summary of the four stages of the motivational interview: Engaging, Focusing, Evoking, and Planning with detailed descriptions for each area. Includes how the OARS technique was used during the session, roadblocks and the client’s stage of change. 
 Referral :
 Provides a detailed list of three or more referrals to local (MIAMI AREA), large organizations for allied health, psychologist, medical, and other interdisciplinary support. Includes a timeline for follow-up appointments. 
 Conclusion :
 The presentation is concluded by tying the content back to the opening with a dynamic 25 words or less close. Transitioned into so the audience was ready for it. 

Go to www.ted.com/talks, Under Topics: Select “Global issues” to narrow your search. How might this video assist you in becoming a Kingdom Professional? How does this topic relate to either cultural intelligence or globalization?

TED Talks Assignment

IST 305 – Current Global Trends
1. Go to
www.ted.com/talks

2. Under Topics: Select “Global issues” to narrow your search. How might this video assist you in becoming a Kingdom Professional?

How does this topic relate to either cultural intelligence or globalization?

3. Under Topics: Select “See all topics” to refine your search.
4. Peruse through all the subtopics. Make a second selection based on your area of interest.
5. Select three different TED Talks that are related to this course.
6. Watch all three videos (
each must be a minimum of 12 minutes) and take notes on this form.

7. Save this Word document as a Word document or pdf file titled “TED Talks
Your Name.”

8. Submit your completed assignment as an uploaded file on
Canvas.

TED Talk #1:

Title:
Speaker (name & brief bio):
Date Posted: Time Length of Video:
Direct Web Link:
Topics Searched: global issues,
What compelled you to make this video choice?
What were the top three new insights you gained?
1.
2.
3.
How does this topic connect to current world news?
How does this video relate to your major of study?
How might this video assist you in becoming a Kingdom Professional?
How does this topic relate to either cultural intelligence or globalization?

TED Talk #2:

Title:
Speaker (name & brief bio):
Date Posted: Time Length of Video:
Direct Web Link:
Topics Searched: global issues,
What compelled you to make this video choice?
What were the top three new insights you gained?
1.
2.
3.
How does this topic connect to current world news?
How does this video relate to your major of study?
How might this video assist you in becoming a Kingdom Professional?
How does this topic relate to either cultural intelligence or globalization?

TED Talk #3:

Title:
Speaker (name & brief bio):
Date Posted: Time Length of Video:
Direct Web Link:
Topics Searched: global issues,
What compelled you to make this video choice?
What were the top three new insights you gained?
1.
2.
3.
How does this topic connect to current world news?
How does this video relate to your major of study?

How might this video assist you in becoming a Kingdom Professional?

How does this topic relate to either cultural intelligence or globalization?

Give your opinion on how either a physical attack, a cyber event, or a natural disaster could impact critical infrastructure.

 
Discussion Questions: 1) In your own words, construct an overview of the critical information sector you choose for this discussion. 
2) Examine at least three of the following:

Unique aspects as they relate to national security
Risks/threats/hazards/vulnerabilities related to national security
Potential countermeasures/mitigations related to continuity of operations
Minimizing disruption and improving first responder safety
Cross-sector dependencies/interdependencies 

3) Give your opinion on how either a physical attack, a cyber event, or a natural disaster could impact critical infrastructure.

1. Modern society relies on the free flow of people and goods, which is made possible by the transportation industry. It has been instrumental in promoting international trade and commerce for centuries. Globally, people, businesses, and governments all rely on reliable and accessible modes of transportation to go where they need to go. The public uses it for work and play, and businesses depend on it to provide goods and services to clients and partners worldwide. Government spending on transportation infrastructure like roads, bridges, and airports helps the economy since it facilitates commerce on a national and international scale, employs people, and boosts productivity (Raza et al., 2019). Trade, business, and travel, as well as economic growth and development, would not be possible in today’s society without the transportation sector.
            It is impossible to overestimate the significance of the transportation industry to the safety and well-being of the American people. However, various risks, threats, hazards, and vulnerabilities could negatively impact national security. Disruptions in the transportation sector could be caused by perils such as cyberattacks, terrorist attacks, infrastructure failures, and natural catastrophes. Several efforts can be taken to lessen the impact of these dangers. The transportation sector can continue functioning normally during and after an interruption thanks to a continuity of operations plan. In a disaster, the transportation sector can continue to work because of this plan’s backup systems, redundancies, and alternative routes (Lawther & Martin, 2015). Improved collaboration between agencies and departments to share information and coordinate reactions to potential threats and heightened surveillance and screening of passengers and cargo are two more techniques for bolstering security. By taking these precautions, the transportation industry will be better able to safeguard national security and continue operating normally in the face of disruptions.
            Maintaining the free flow of products and services, avoiding potential economic damage, and maintaining public trust in the safety and security of our transportation infrastructure all depend on preventing physical attacks on the transportation industry. Therefore, we must take all required actions to protect our transportation networks and forestall any lasting effects on the sector. I believe the United States transportation sector has not encountered any significant attacks. However, there have been notable mishaps related to transportation infrastructure, including the 2017 Amtrak derailment in Washington state and the 2018 bridge collapse in Miami (TNS, 2018). Despite these occurrences, the transportation sector remains vital to our nation’s infrastructure and security. Ongoing efforts are being made to uphold its safety and durability. 
 
2.The United States telecommunications are all related to the communication sector. This sector offers wireless, internet, and landlines for all users, individuals, and businesses. The more the technology develops, the more the sector is subject to security breaches. This sector is crucial for communication across the United States for other key infrastructure sectors like electricity, transportation, emergency services, etc.
Potential countermeasures/mitigations related to continuity of operations:
Risk assessment results and the execution of this plan are the number one priority for owners and operators in the communications sector. Risk management activities are used to prevent attacks and disasters or minimize vulnerability, whether it be natural catastrophes or terrorist attacks. Owners and operators decide, based on their viability, which risk mitigation strategies to put in place and prioritize. The communication sector executes risk reduction initiatives with various mitigations based on the hazards identified. For instance, cybersecurity risks and physical risks must be mitigated differently. Installing GPS antennas in earthquake-prone areas will require different techniques than addressing cybersecurity vulnerability (Communications Sector Specific-Plan an Annex to the NIPP 2013, 2015).
Give your opinion on how a physical attack, a cyber event, or a natural disaster could impact
the critical infrastructure.
The communication industry would be greatly impact in case of natural disaster for several reason. The menace never ends and its consequence are constantly ambiguous. The communication will be impacted in the area where natural disaster occurred. The ability to communicate would be affect.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for depression: Define Symptoms of Depression

Sample Outline
While your paper does not need to be an exact format match for this outline, your outline should

incorporate an Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. How much detail you put in is up to you. I

recommend that you fill in as much information as you can (related to your topic, of course)

using the resources you identified in the Unit 3 assignment. (please review your feedback and

make changes if needed, as this will impact your grade). The more thorough you fill out your

outlines, the easier the final course paper will be.

Remember:

• Do not copy and paste

• Do not direct quote (use your own words)

• Cite your courses within the text (i.e., Feldman, 2021) this will link your information to

your references. If you do not cite, then you cannot get credit for your sources (there is no

way to link a source you list to specific information in your paper unless you complete

this step)

• Remember to list your references.

Your sources need to be:

• Peer reviewed.

• From within the last 5 years

• The full source, not just an abstract or snippet of a Google book

• An active working link/permalink

Sample Outline

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for depression:

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Topic Sentence

B. Further introduction of your topic

a. Define Symptoms of Depression (e.g., according to the DSM-5)

b. Incidence of depression (numbers/demographics)

c. Relevance of the topic and its broader implications

II. BODY

A. Theme 1: CBT is Effective for those with Mild Depression

a. Topic Sentence: Numerous studies have shown CBT to be an effective treatment

for mild Depression.

b. Evidence from articles supporting the effectiveness of CBT for mild Depression.

c. Specific benefits of CBT for individuals with mild Depression.

B. Theme 1 continued: Additional Evidence that CBT is Effective for those with Mild

Depression

a. Topic Sentence

b. Further evidence and examples supporting the effectiveness of CBT for mild

Depression.

C. Theme 2: CBT and Major (severe) Depression

a. Topic Sentence: Although CBT is effective for those with mild depression, more

severe cases may require both medication and CBT.

b. Evidence supporting the combination of medication and CBT for major

Depression.

D. Theme 3: Conflicting Evidence

a. Topic Sentence: In contrast, some studies have failed to support the idea that

CBT is an effective treatment for Depression.

b. Evidence presenting conflicting findings regarding the effectiveness of CBT for

Depression.

E. Theme 4: CBT and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

a. Topic Sentence: CBT’s effectiveness in treating other mental health conditions,

such as PTSD.

b. Evidence demonstrating the efficacy of CBT for PTSD.

IV. CONCLUSION

a. Topic sentence

b. Summary of the main conclusions from the paper regarding the effectiveness of CBT

for depression

c. Importance and implications for human health and psychology d. Suggestions for future

research in the field of CBT and depression

***Remember *** to incorporate appropriate citations and references throughout your paper to

support your claims and strengthen the validity of your arguments.

The above outline provides a structured framework for a course paper on the topic of whether

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression. The outline follows a

standard format, including an introduction, body, and conclusion.

• In the introduction, the writer introduces the topic of depression and its significance,

providing information on the symptoms of depression, its incidence, and the broader

implications for individuals and society. This sets the stage for the discussion on the

effectiveness of CBT as a treatment for depression.

• The body of the paper is divided into several themes or sub-topics. Theme 1 focuses on the

effectiveness of CBT for individuals with mild depression. The writer presents evidence

from various studies to support the claim that CBT is effective in treating mild depression.

This theme is further expanded with additional evidence and examples.

• Theme 2 addresses the use of CBT for major depression. The writer acknowledges that

while CBT is effective for mild depression, individuals with more severe depression may

require a combination of medication and CBT. Evidence is provided to support this claim.

• Theme 3 introduces conflicting evidence, acknowledging that some studies have failed to

support the idea that CBT is effective for depression. The writer presents this opposing

viewpoint, acknowledging that there are differing opinions and findings in the literature.

• Theme 4 explores the use of CBT in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This

expands the discussion beyond depression and demonstrates the efficacy of CBT in treating

other mental health conditions.

• The conclusion summarizes the main conclusions drawn from the paper and emphasizes

the importance and implications of the research findings for human health and psychology.

It also suggests directions for future research in the field of CBT and depression.

Overall, the outline provides a clear and organized structure for the course paper, allowing the

writer to present arguments, evidence, and conclusions in a logical and cohesive manner.

Pick two (2) ways School Counselors are important advocates

smate’s posts, applying the RISE Model for Meaningful Feedback
I will also show an example below of how the response needs to be addressed.
Here’s an example of how the response should look. Please don’t copy it. 
The response to the classmate need to be just like this. 
Example Response (Response Needs to be writen just like the response below No copying)
RISE Feedback:
REFLECT: I concur with “Action plans should reflect the type of services that are needed and have an idea of the expected outcome of the services” because it is in line with Hatch and Hartline’s intentional school counseling guidelines in regards to determining students needs.
INQUIRE: Can you further explain what “closing-the-gap action plans” are? 
SUGGEST: I encourage you to revisit Hatch and Hartline’s MTMDSS tier interventions in order to add a citation that would illustrate your example on bullying prevention efforts. 
ELEVATE: What if you re-purposed “For example, after a needs assessment, the school is having problems with bullying” as “Following Trish Hatch’s MTMDSS tier based interventions, if the school is having problems with bullying, after a needs assessment, we could… citation…”  for a more weighted argument?
ReferencesHatch, T., & Hartline, J. (2022). The use of data in school counseling: Hatching results (and so much more) for students, programs and the profession (2nd Ed.). Corwin.
****PLEASE RESPOND IN DEPTH***************************************************
Below are the two classmate discussion post that you will need to respond to
************************************************
Classmate Response 1- Alejandra

What program funding is available? Financial Aid?

While reading the provided resource for this week, I learned about the following financial aid options for students with disabilities: “Federal Pell Grants, Supplemental Education Opportunity Grants and the Federal Work-Study program” (Patton, 2019). There are also additional funds for students participating in Transition Postsecondary Education Programs for Students with Intellectual Disabilities (TPSID) that allow these students to be provided with additional resources that can help them be successful.

Pick two (2) ways School Counselors are important advocates and how you see yourself in the role using a similar approach.

As stated in the provided resource, school counselors can connect students with resources that will allow them to receive accommodations in college. School counselors can also encourage students to research their post-secondary options such as financial aid available specifically for students with disabilities. 
When I am a school counselor, I would love to create a college planning Google website for students on my caseload. This website can be a one-stop shop for students who need to connect with resources for post-secondary planning. I would have a section specifically for students with disabilities to learn more information about funding that is available for them, and so that they can know that they can still receive accommodations in college. I remember at my mom’s former district, a school counselor incorrectly told her class of IEP students that they will not be able to receive accommodations in college. This simply is not the truth! Due to my own disability, I was able to receive several accommodations in college that helped me be successful when I was completing my BA. However, I had no idea that I could receive accommodations until I was in my sophomore year of college. I wish that my high school counselor had helped me advocate for myself so that I could have received these accommodations even earlier. Luckily, my college counselor was able to connect me with the right resources. I hope to be this connection for my students. 
References
Patton, D. (2019, January). Postsecondary options for students with disabilities. Postsecondary Options for Students with Disabilities – American School Counselor Association (ASCA). https://www.schoolcounselor.org/Newsletters/February-2019/Postsecondary-Options-for-Students-with-Disabiliti?st=ND#:~:text=Types%20of%20Programs&text=TPSID%20programs%20are%20designed%20to,program%20or%20non%2Ddegree%20program
**************************************************************************************************
Classmate Response 2- Cynthia

Pick two (2) ways School Counselors are important advocates

The North Dakota School Counselor article was very informative.  Although this information counselors ought to know.  This is a clear set of resources one can always have handy when counseling students with Disabilities that may think they are not suitable to pursue higher education due to their disabilities.
Since 2008, The Transition Postsecondary Education Programs for Students with Intellectual Disabilities (TPSID) has supported 48 colleges and universities that serve 1,500 students with disabilities.  The program helps students that want to continue their education, have independent living instructions, that prepares them for employment.  Programs can be degree-granted or certificate, or even not certificate programs .  The do require4d the student with disabilities to be enrolled in regular classes (with non-disabled students) for half of the program The think program (a national coordinating center for TPSID programs, provides support, coordination, and evaluation services for 270 colleges programs for students with disabilities.  It is accessible for students and parents to learn about the programs available for students with autism, intellectual disabilities, and other disabilities (Postsecondary Options for Students with Disabilities – American School Counselor Association (ASCA) 2019).  .
The types of financial aid offered to students with disabilities that opt to participate in TPSID programs are Federal Pel Grants, Supplemental Education Opportunity Grants and the Federal Work-Study program.  Tuition waver though vocational rehabilitation agencies and community colleges.  Students in TPSID programs can be eligible for individual training account funds set aside by the One-/stop Career Centers, Plans for Achieving Self Sufficient from Social Security and Medicaid (Postsecondary Options for Students with Disabilities – American School Counselor Association (ASCA) 2019).  .
Students with other disabilities such as students with IEP are eligible to receive same accommodation as they received in high school.  All colleges that receive federal funding must have department of disability services that have access to instructional technology, tutoring, and social support, and testing accommodations (Postsecondary Options for Students with Disabilities – American School Counselor Association (ASCA) 2019).  . 

Pick two (2) ways School Counselors are important advocates and how you see yourself in the role using a similar approach.

Based on this article, in spite of the availability of resources these programs are not exploited enough for lack of information about the existence of these programs.
Based on the above, I believe that the best way to advocate is to invite universities with TPSID programs and a representative from the disability services department from colleges to talk about options and supports they provide.  And, do a districtwide transition for specially for student with disabilities.  But, most importantly I believe is to educate students and parents about their rights and protections.
Reference:
Postsecondary Options for Students with Disabilities – American School Counselor Association (ASCA). (n.d.). https://www.schoolcounselor.org/Newsletters/February-2019/Postsecondary-Options-for-Students-with-Disabiliti?st=ND#:~:text=Types%20of%20Programs&text=TPSID%20programs%20are%20designed%20to,program%20or%20non%2Ddegree%20programLinks to an external site.

Identify two health disparities in the United States that were discussed in the Unnatural Causes videos posted on Canvas.

Canvas Discussion Board Assignment #2 [F23]: Health Disparities and Covid-19 – Canvas Discussion Board Assignment Group 12Description:Due Dates:Word Requirement:Citation of Course Content Requirement:Topic: Health Disparities and Covid-19 (500 words)1. For your original comment, first, identify two health disparities in the United States that were discussed in the Unnatural Causes videos posted on Canvas. You can use any of the Unnatural Causes videos posted thus far in the semester.2. Next, link what you learned about heath disparities from the “Unnatural Causes” videos to at least TWO news articles I posted on Canvas that highlight how pre-existing health disparities contributed to higher rates of death from Covid-19 among minority populations in the United States. If you use another source, you will not get credit for the assignment.3. Finally, discuss what we can and/or should do to help improve health outcomes in these communities, now and/or in the future. This can be as short as 2-3 sentences, or longer if you wish.4. Respond to at least ONE group member (200+ words):Videos to help with discussionPBS News Hour. December 24, 2020: You only need to watch from 24:00 until 40:16″It took a pandemic to reveal racial health inequities that have always been there,” said Dr. Blackstock, Founder and CEO of Advancing Health Equity, on the year 2020. Battered by the pandemic, communities of color experience sharp drop in life expectancies. PBS News Hour, Feb 18, 2021 6:45 PM EDT Note: I do not expect you to read all of the articles below.Instead, select 6 of the articles that interest youThe articles typically take no more than 10 minutes to read. Thus, this part of the class should require about 60 minutes of your timeYou can choose which articles to read. They all focus on inequalities and disparities, especially during the pandemic, among:individuals who identify as Black or Hispanic/Latina/o/xseniors (older adults)those living in rural communitieslow-income individualspeople with pre-existing health conditionsIncarcerated persons‘People can’t ignore it anymore’: Across the country, minorities hit hardest by pandemic:No matter where the virus strikes, communities of color bear the brunt.Politico: 07/08/2020 BY: Laura Barron-Lopez, Elena Schneider, & Alice Miranda Ollstein.