Elaborate, in detail, on the comorbidities associated with myocardial infarction.

Case study:

A 67-year-old woman sought emergency medical care due to prolonged chest pain. She had complained of prolonged chest pain previously she sought medical care. During this recent hospital admission, she was diagnosed with myocardial infarction. Upon coronary angiography examination, there was the presence of lesions with 70% obstruction in the right coronary, anterior descending and circumflex arteries.

At the physical examination, the heart rate (HR) was 100 beats per minute, blood pressure was 100/60 mmHg. Pulmonary assessment was normal. The heart examination disclosed a ++/ 6+ systolic murmur in the mitral area.

Chest x-ray disclosed the presence of a large pleural effusion in the right hemithorax.
The patient had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and was a smoker.
The laboratory tests showed total cholesterol 228 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol 35 mg / dL, LDL-cholesterol 162 mg/dL, triglycerides 157 mg/dL, sodium 137 mEq/L, and potassium 3.4 mEq/L.
The patient had two episodes of cardiac arrest 20 min interval, which was reversed. After half an hour, a new episode of cardiac arrest occurred, which was irreversible, and the patient died.

Discuss the risk factors that predispose her to myocardial infarction. Elaborate, in detail, on the comorbidities associated with myocardial infarction. In you answer, consider the consequences of cholesterol on cardiovascular diseases and highlight the strategies that could prevent this condition.