Explain in your words the concept of the p-value in hypothesis testing, how it is used and what is its limitation.

Case study 2: Entrepreneurship intention

E. R. Thompson (2009) development an internationally reliable measurement scale for entrepreneurship intention based on the following instrument:

Item Statement 1. Very untrue 2. 3. 4. 5. Very true
1 I intend to set up a company in the future
2 I always search for business start-up opportunities
3 I read books on how to set up a firm
4 I have plans to launch my own business
5 I save money to start a business
6 I spend time learning about starting a firm
There are two objectives for this study.
Objective 1: To test if the average entrepreneurship intention score is different between the two types of students, those who studied for an entrepreneurship module and those who didn’t.

Objective 2 To test if the university department they studied at has an effect on the average score for entrepreneurship intention.

The instrument above was a given to a random sample of students from London Met. Some of the students have done modules related to entrepreneurship and other did not. These students are indicated by (1=Yes, if they did receive an emtrepreneurship module) and (0=No, if they didn’t). These students were further split by departments (1=GSBL, 2=CDM, and 3=CASS) where they studied. We have only considered these 3 schools.
The data is collated in an SPSS and Jamovi file named “Entrepreneurship”. The variable “Intention” is the total score of the six items in the instrument above.

Required: For this case study, you are asked to produce the following tasks:
Produce the descriptive statistics for the entrepreneurship intention scores split by the two groups of students, those who studied for an entrepreneurship module and those who didn’t and test the normality and the homogeneity of variance assumptions. Report your findings.
[Max: 50 words]
Test if the average scores for entrepreneurship intention are significantly different and report your findings. [Max: 50 words]

Test if the university department has an effect on the average score for entrepreneurship
intention and report your findings. [Max: 50 words]

General question: Explain in your words the concept of the p-value in hypothesis testing, how
it is used and what is its limitation. [Max: 100 words]
All hypotheses and SPSS or Jamovi output are made available in the appendix. Your reports need to be clearly evidenced by the appropriate output for your work. The reports should follow the classic research style adopted during our online classes and word count does not include the output. For full marks, you should clearly state the hypotheses for each test.