Explain the difference between an uneven playing field and normal, democratic incumbent advantage.

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Note that on both the short answer and essay, you MUST make explicit reference (including page number if it
exists or a short quote from the required text) to the appropriate required reading if the topic of the question is
covered in a required reading.
Short answer (48%): Answer four of the following. Answers should be about one paragraph long and makes
specific reference to any appropriate required reading (although not all questions will touch on required
readings).
Can a regime in which the President consistently ignores the will of the people be called a procedural
democracy?
Explain the difference between an uneven playing field and normal, democratic incumbent advantage.
Explain how the October 1993 crisis in Russia reflects Juan Linz’s argument about the dangers of
Presidentialism.
What about President Viktor Yushchenko’s tenure provides evidence of pluralism by default. Be as specific as
possible.
Briefly summarize the main voluntarist explanation for the rise of the Nazis to power discussed in one of the
required reading.
Essay (52%) Answer one question.
4/25/22, 2:08 AM Writers Hub – Freelance Writing
https://www.writershub.org/writer/orders/859085#instructions 4/5
The answer should have a clear thesis and introductory paragraph.
There is no length requirement.
You are not required to use a particular citation format. Just make the citation clear. You may cite the lectures by
referencing the date/topic of the lecture.
ONLY use required readings or the lectures.
Compare and contrast the structural and voluntarist causes for both the failure of democracy in Romania after
1989 and the success of democracy in Romania in the late 1990s.
Compare and contrast the structural and voluntarist causes of the fall of communism in Eastern Europe.